Population

Population projections

predictions about future population based on trends in fertility, mortality and migration

Total fertility rate

The average number of births per thousand women of childbearing age (2.1 is the optimum TRF for replacement rate

Dependency ratios

the proportion of working population to dependent population (<15 years old & >64 years old)

Natural increase

Calculated by subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate

Crude birth rate

refers to the number of births per 1000 population in a given year

Crude death rate

Refers to the number of deaths per 1000 population in a given year

Child mortality rate

the number of deaths of children under 5 years of age per 1000 libe births in a given year

Life expectancy

The average number of years that a person can be expected to live, usually from birth, assuming that demographic factors remain unchanged

Population structure

refers to any measurable characteristic of a population

Population momentum

The tendency for a population to grow despite a fall in birth rate or fertility levels

Infant mortality

The number of deaths of infants under 1 per 1000 population in a given year

HIC

Annual GNI per capita above $13,205 (e.g., the USA, Germany) encompassing ~15% of people.

MIC

Economies transitioning toward urbanization and industrialization. This group includes ~75% of global population and is the most diverse

LIC

Economies reliant on agriculture and limited infrastructure with annual GNI per capita below $1,085 (e.g. Niger, Zambia) encompassing ~10% of global population.

Physical factors affecting pop distribution

• Climate

• Relief/terrain

• Fresh water availability

• Coast

• Natural resources

• Soil

Human factors affecting pop distribution

• Historical factors (e.g. colonialism)

• Political/governance

• Communication/transport

• Manufactering

What is the