Renaissance, Enlightenment and Reformation Test

Renaissance

A time period in European history marked by renewed interest in Greek and Roman history and art.

Enlightenment

A time period where educated thinkers began to question long held beliefs in science, politics, and the arts.

Protestant Reformation

A split in Christianity due to believers protesting the doctrine of the Pope and the Catholic Church.

Scientific Revolution

A time period in history in which the scientific method was created, leading to the development of modern science.

Idealism

A political philosophy where philosophers critique the world based on how it should function.

Realism

A political philosophy where philosophers critique the world based on how it does function.

Patron

A person who donates to artists, encouraging the making of artworks.

Sects

Groups within a larger religion that share a set of similar beliefs.

Indulgences

Religious documents sold by the Catholic Church believed to grant immediate heaven to purchasers or their deceased relatives.

Printing Press

A device that allows the user to create many copies of the same document quickly.

Francis Bacon

Scientist who stressed experimentation and observation in studying science.

Rene Descartes

Scientist who emphasized human reason in studying science.

Aristotle

Scientist who organized living beings into categories by studying their 'soul' to determine their 'body'.

Ptolemy

Scientist who believed that the Earth was the center of the universe.

Galen

Scientist who dissected monkeys and pigs to understand human anatomy and promoted humorism for curing illnesses.

Andreas Vesalius

Scientist who published the first accurate and detailed study of human anatomy.

John Banister

Scientist who dissected human corpses to teach anatomy for the first time in history.

William Harvey

Scientist who described how blood circulates in the body for the first time.

Ambroise Pare

Scientist who developed a new ointment for preventing infections during surgery and created artificial limbs.

Anton van Leeuwenhook

Scientist who viewed cells and microorganisms for the first time using a single-lens microscope.

Issac Newton

Scientist who conducted gravity experiments and created the fields of Physics and Calculus.

Nicolaus Copernicus

Scientist who concluded that the sun, not the Earth, was the center of the universe.

Tycho Brahe

Scientist who confirmed Copernicus's theory of heliocentrism.

Johannes Kepler

Scientist who calculated the elliptical orbits of the planets around the sun.

Galileo Galilei

Scientist who discovered that planets and other heavenly bodies have orbits.

Blaise Pascal

Scientist who invented the mechanical calculator and contributed to fluid dynamics.

Evangelista Torricelli

Scientist who invented the barometer to measure air pressure.

Paracelsus

Scientist who founded the field of Toxicology related to chemical reactions in the body.

Christiaan Huygens

Scientist who invented the pendulum clock and contributed to optics and mechanics.

Robert Boyle

Scientist who founded the field of modern chemistry.

Robert Hooke

Scientist who created the first microscope and proposed theories related to gravity.

Catholicism

Christian sect that believes salvation is achieved through faith and good works.

Lutheranism

Christian sect that believes salvation is achieved through faith alone.

Calvinism

Christian sect that believes God alone predetermines who will be saved.

Catholicism

Christian sect where priests perform seven sacraments including Baptism and Confirmation.

Lutheranism

Christian sect that accepts some sacraments but rejects those that can't erase sin.

Calvinism

Christian sect that shares the belief that rituals cannot erase sin—only God can.

Catholicism

Christian sect where the Pope is the head of the Church.

Lutheranism

Christian sect where elected councils act as the head of the Church.

Calvinism

Christian sect governed by a council of elders.

Catholicism

Christian sect that holds that the Bible and Church Tradition are sources of truth.

Lutheranism

Christian sect that believes the Bible alone is the source of truth.

Calvinism

Christian sect that emphasizes individual interpretation of the Bible.

Catholicism

Christian sect where priests interpret the Bible for followers.

Lutheranism

Christian sect where followers read and interpret the Bible for themselves.