ETHICS L-3 Moral Act

Culture

it is exclusive for humans. It consists of human beliefs, behaviours, objects & other characteristics common to all living people that are inside in a particular place & period in history

Symbols and language

it may become distinguishing factors for the people

Callations

a practice of Indian which they customarily ate their father dead body

Eskimos

are indigenous places in Alaska, Northern Canada, and Greenland

Eskimo

men that often had more than one wife, & they would share their wife on their guest as hospitality

Aristotle 3 natures of man

Vegetative or Physical nature, Sentient or animal nature, Rational or mental nature

Cultural Relativism

a belief which holds that there is no objective & universal truth in morality, only moral codes based on culture

Ethnocentrism

it claims that one culture is superior is over other

Positive attitude (culture) of Filipino

Pagpapahalaga sa pamilya, Use of po & opo, Pakikisama, Pananampalataya, Respect for elders

pagpapahalaga sa pamilya

a Filipino culture where they tend to prioritize family closeness & solidarity

Use of po & opo

a filipino culture of being polite

Pakikisama

a social acceptance culture of Filipino

Pananampalataya

a Filipino culture where they tend to trust in God

Respect for elders

a filipino culture wherein their respect is not only confined within family but also on people of society

Negative attitude (Culture) of Filipino

Bahala na, gossiping, Filipino time, self image

Virtue

a trait of character manifested in good habitual action

Vices

a trait of character manifested in habitual bad or evil acts

Ethical Egoism

each person ought to do whatever will best promote his or her own interest

Utilitarianism

we ought to do what will promote the greatest happens for the people

Kant's Theory

it states the duty to follow rules that we could consistently will to be universal laws

Social Contract Theory

the right thing to do is to follow the rules that are rational, self interested people can agree to for their mutual benefits

Kohlberg's six stages of Moral development

an extension of Jean Piaget's Cognitive Development theory which states that moral development is a continual process that occurs throughout the lifespan

3 levels of Personal Moral Development

Pre-conventional, conventional & Post-conventional

Pre-conventional

follow rules to avoid punishments. Acts in their own interest. Blind obedience to authority for own sake

Pre-conventional two levels:

Punishment, Exchange of favors

Punishment

the moral decisions made by a person in this stage are based in self-interest

Exchange of favors

an example of this stage is blind obedience. It is displayed when a person obeys authority for its own sake

Conventional

following rules to lives up to the expectation

Conventional level

Good boy/Good girl, Law & Order

Good boy/Good girl

on this stage, a person lives up to the expectation of others

Law & Order

In this stage, a person acts according to prescribed laws

Post-conventional

acts in an independent and ethical manner regardless of expectations from others

Social contact

Social contract, Universal/Ethical principle

Social Contract

recognizes that laws are social agreements that can be changed when necessary

Universal/ethical principle

displayed in following internalised universal principles of justice and right

Conscience

is the provimate norm of normality. As it is believed to be innate in man, which directly confronts good or bad actions

Conscientia

a latin word meaning "trial of oneself" which basically where the term Conscience is derived from

Kinds of Conscience:

True Conscience, False Conscience, Certain Conscience, Doubtful Conscience, Scrupulous conscience, & Lax conscience

Correct conscience

a kind of conscience that judges good as good, & evil as evil

False conscience

it judges evil as good & good as evil

Certain conscience

is based on a subjective assurance of an act that is lawful or unlawful

Doubtful conscience

it cannot for a definite judgement on a certain action because of doubt

Scrupulous conscience

it cannot form a definite judgement on certain action because of fear to commit mistakes or evil acts

Lax conscience

it is manifested by indifferent acts in performing an act, either good or evil. Basically, doing an act without caring of consequences