C117: Principles of Chemistry and Biochemistry I - Discussion Booklet 1 Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering SI unit prefixes, required polyatomic ions, types of chemical bonding, key chemical formulas, and molecular physical state diagrams.

Mega (SI Prefix)

An SI unit prefix with the symbol $M$ representing a factor of $1,000,000$ or $10^6$.

Kilo (SI Prefix)

An SI unit prefix with the symbol $k$ representing a factor of $1,000$ or $10^3$.

Centi (SI Prefix)

An SI unit prefix with the symbol $c$ representing a factor of $0.01$ or $10^{-2}$.

Milli (SI Prefix)

An SI unit prefix with the symbol $m$ representing a factor of $0.001$ or $10^{-3}$.

Micro (SI Prefix)

An SI unit prefix with the symbol $m$ representing a factor of $0.000001$ or $10^{-6}$.

Nano (SI Prefix)

An SI unit prefix with the symbol $n$ representing a factor of $0.000000001$ or $10^{-9}$.

Pico (SI Prefix)

An SI unit prefix with the symbol $p$ representing a factor of $0.000000000000001$ or $10^{-12}$.

Hydroxide

A polyatomic ion with the chemical formula $OH^-$.

Phosphate

A polyatomic ion with the chemical formula $PO_4^{3-}$.

Nitrate

A polyatomic ion with the chemical formula $NO_3^-$.

Cyanide

A polyatomic ion with the chemical formula $CN^-$.

Sulfate

A polyatomic ion with the chemical formula $SO_4^{2-}$.

Carbonate

A polyatomic ion with the chemical formula $CO_3^{2-}$.

Ammonium

A polyatomic ion with the chemical formula $NH_4^+$.

Acetate

A polyatomic ion with the chemical formula $CH_3COO^-$.

Covalent Bond

A chemical bond typically formed between two nonmetal atoms that is characterized by the sharing of electrons.

Ionic Bond

A chemical bond formed when a nonmetal bonds to a metal, characterized by the transfer of electrons.

Molecular Compound

A compound held together by covalent bonds, named using prefixes such as mono-, di-, and tri- to specify the number of each atom.

Transition Metal Compounds (Naming)

Compounds whose names require specifying the charge state of the transition metal using Roman numerals (e.g., $Fe^{2+}$ vs $Fe^{3+}$) because many transition metals possess multiple charge states.

Cisplatin

An anticancer agent with the chemical formula $Pt(NH_3)_2Cl_2$ used in the treatment of solid tumors.

Ethylene Glycol

A compound with the formula $C_2H_4(OH)_2$ that serves as the primary component in antifreeze.

Liquid State Molecular Depiction

A physical molecular depiction showing compound molecules closely aggregated at the bottom of a container in a condensed liquid phase.

Gaseous State Molecular Depiction

Diagram (a), representing a compound after evaporation to its gaseous state, showing separated intact molecules distributed throughout the container.

Periodic Table of Elements

A tabular arrangement of elements categorizing physical states (solids, liquids, gases, not found in nature) and key regions (metals, nonmetals, semimetals).