AP World History (ch 25)

Global connections intensified and brought the entire world together for the first time __________.

during the Early Modern period

What can be said about the role that the United States played after the first surge of modern globalization took place during the 1920s and 1930s?

The United States was an active economic participant but chose to remain politically isolated.

By the end of the twentieth century, __________ was one of the few countries left in the world that held back from global participation.

North Korea

From the 1940s onward, new international agencies, new business forms, and new efforts to coordinate in fields such as health care did much to __________.

accelerate globalization

The United Nations had difficulty intervening in great power controversies when it was established after World War II because __________.

all five permanent members of the UN Security Council had to agree on any type of political or military intervention

What can be said about the status of global human rights in the period after the United Nations ratified the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948?

Although many countries officially adopted the principles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, they did not follow through in practice.

Automobile company Volkswagen is __________ because its design is German, its production facilities are in Mexico, and its products are marketed around the world.

a multinational corporation

The global popularity of the Pokmon game series during the 1990s demonstrated that __________.

consumer internationalization had many sources besides the United States

Throughout the span of the twentieth century, the proportion of the global population living in industrialized societies grew by __________.

40 percent

One similarity among countries that experienced rapid industrialization during the late 1990s and early 2000s was that these nations were __________.

developing societies

As global industrialization increased during the late twentieth century, growing industrial powers such as China and India developed a greater presence in Africa to __________.

obtain raw materials necessary for their own industrialized manufacturing

How did globalization in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries affect demographic patterns across almost all world regions?

Birth rates and death rates declined.

The last major international health crisis was the __________.

influenza epidemic of 1918-1919

An initial exploratory conference held in Sweden in 1972 was the first global attempt to address __________ generated from rising globalization.

environmental concerns

European and American attempts to reduce smoke pollution by building taller smokestacks __________.

transported air pollution to other areas, such as Scandinavia and Canada

What can be said of the role that globalization played after 1000 C.E.?

Globalization emerged from previous patterns of interregional contact.

How did the United Nations differ from the old League of Nations that it replaced?

The United Nations included a series of new economic institutions designed to facilitate world trade and prevent economic disruptions.

Protective tariffs were most opposed by which of the following organizations?

the World Trade Organization

By the late twentieth century, the United States frequently objected to international agreements sponsored by the United Nations because these agreements were perceived to __________.

interfere with national sovereignty

Outsourcing of clerical jobs, such as telephone services, to developing areas of the world was primarily done by industrialized nations because __________.

wages are lower in developing nations

A recent migration crisis that began in 2010 involved a growing number of __________.

political refugees from the Middle East, Africa, Asia, and Central America fleeing to Western nations

Unique vegetarian items found in McDonald's restaurants in India demonstrated that cultural globalization promoted __________.

the adaptation of foreign models to suit local customs

Which of the following is an international nongovernmental organization (INGO)?

Amnesty International

By 2009, __________ of the world's population was urbanized.

50 percent

Prior technical progress, government regulations and sponsorship of a technical university, and a growing awareness of production and export opportunities resulted in a successful __________ industry during the late twentieth century.

Brazilian computer

The "Yellow Dragon" that China experienced as industrialization increased at the end of the twentieth century was caused by __________.

the emission of industrial gases

Despite prevention efforts and new treatments that reduced death rates in most parts of the world, AIDS is still an acute problem in areas of __________.

Africa

Beginning in the late 1970s, the Chinese government affected demographic patterns in China by mandating policies that __________.

reduced the birth rate

The Montreal Protocol of 1987 was agreed to by various global participants to __________.

phase out the production of chemicals used in refrigerators and air conditioners

How did the development of the Middle Eastern city of Dubai present a paradox about issues related to globalization?

While Dubai is modern and cosmopolitan, the immigrant workers responsible for construction exist on low wages and limited benefits.

The initial version of modern globalization that emerged in the later nineteenth century resulted from dramatic new technologies and policy decisions that first increased __________ among different nations across the world.

economic interdependence

The purpose of the 1944 Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, conference was to __________.

stabilize and encourage international economic development

The Soviet launch of the Sputnik 1 satellite in 1957 initially led to __________.

the early development of new mechanisms for international communication

How did increased globalization affect communist states in China and the Soviet Union during the late twentieth century?

China and the Soviet Union became more globalized.

Which of the following best demonstrated that globalization was not a uniform process in recent decades?

About one-third of the world's population had direct access to Internet services in the early twenty-first century.

During the early 1970s, U.S. foreign investments __________.

almost doubled

International firms competed for __________ in the newly independent nations of Central Asia after the collapse of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s.

oil and minerals

Because multinational corporations had more power and more resources than the governments of most countries in which they operated, these businesses __________.

determined most of the aspects of labor and environmental policies in the host countries

What can be said of multinational companies during the late twentieth century?

Multinational companies were most prominent in mature industrial and more affluent societies but much less present in formerly colonized or communist countries.

How are prostitution, an increase in the international sex trafficking of women and children, and the sale of body organs connected directly to the economic effects of globalization in developing parts of the world, such as certain areas of Africa?

Unemployment and extreme poverty resulting from the loss of traditional manufacturing jobs to new global competition has forced people to find alternatives to survive economically.

Because Italy, Greece, and Japan almost ceased internal population growth by the 1990s, these nations had to meet their economic needs by __________.

developing policies that encouraged workers to migrate from other countries

By 2000, at least __________ of all Americans came from households where English was not the first language.

25 percent

The popularity of McDonald's fast-food restaurants, blue jeans, and American movies and television shows in different parts of the world indicates that __________.

international cultural expansion is based largely on middle-class consumerism

The purpose of the World Trade Organization (WTO) meeting that was held in Seattle in 1999 and was disrupted by a series of protests was to discuss __________.

further international tariff cuts in the interest of promoting global trade

The "Frankenstein" foods and "frankencrops" that radical journalist Jeffrey St. Clair referred to in his passage about the Seattle protests at the World Trade Organization meeting are foods that have been __________.

genetically engineered by transnational corporations

Mao Zedong's "Great Leap Forward" was an effort to promote __________ in China.

industrial growth

What can be said of recent industrialization efforts in developing nations, such as Mexico, Brazil, and Turkey?

Industrial expansion in these developing nations became self-sustaining.

How did China's economic policies change after Mao Zedong's death in the 1970s?

China began to adopt a more flexible and conventional industrialization strategy that promoted exports.

__________ most contributed to India's industrial growth and successful production of high-technology products during the late twentieth century.

Government-supported liberalization of the economy

Although birth and death rates have improved throughout most of the world in recent decades, differences in national incomes result in variations from one region to another in __________.

access to the most effective medical treatments

In the early twenty-first century, the highest birth rates were in __________.

Africa

In the early twenty-first century, the leading demographic challenge on a global scale is __________.

population aging

During the 1980s, Mexico City was identified as a center of environmental concern due to its large amounts of __________.

air and water pollution

The 1986 environmental crisis that developed in Chernobyl, which is located in the former Soviet Union, concerned __________.

the spread of radioactive materials following an accident at a nuclear reactor

What can be said of the 1997 Kyoto global conference?

Several nations, including the United States, opposed limitations on greenhouse gas emissions that were set at the Kyoto conference because they could potentially damage national economies.