Chemistry Chapter 1 Vocab

Mr.Gill's Chem honors

Chemistry

the scientific study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and changes that matter changes

Chemical

any substance that has a defined composition

Mass

a measure of the amount of matter in an object

Matter

any that has mass and takes up space

Atom

the smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical properties of that element

Element

a substance that can not be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means; all atoms of an element have the same atomic number

Compound

a substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds

Extensive Property

a property that depends on the extent or size of a system

Intensive Property

a property that does not depend on the amount of matter present, such as pressure, temperature, or density

Physical Property

a characteristic of a substance that does not involve a chemical change, such as intensity, color, or hardness

Physical Change

a change of matter from one form to another without a change in chemical properties

Change of State

the changes of a substance from one physical state to another

Solid

the state of matter in which the volume and shape of a substance are fixed

Liquid

the state of matter that has a definite volume b not a definite shape

Gas

a form of matter that does not have a definite volume or shape

Plasma

in physical science, a state o matter that starts as a gas and then becomes ionized; it consists of free-moving ions and electrons, it takes on an electric charge, and its properties differ from those of a solid, liquid, or gas

Chemical Property

a property of matter that describes a substance’s ability to participate in chemical reactions

Chemical Change

a change that occurs when one ore more substances change into entirely new substances with different properties.

Chemical Reaction

the process by which one or more substances change and to produce one or more different substances

Reactant

a substance or molecule that participates in a chemical reaction

Group

a vertical column of elements in he periodic table; elements in a group share chemical properties

Family

a vertical column of the periodic table

Period

in chemistry, a horizontal ow of elements in the periodic table

Metal

an element that is shiny and that conducts heat and electricity well

Nonmetal

an element that conducts heat and electricity poorly and that does not form positive ions in an electrolytic solution

Metalloid

an element that has properties of both metals and nonmetals; sometimes referred to as a semiconductor