Nucleic acids

What is the monomer of nucleic acids?

Nucleotide.

What are the three parts of a nucleotide?

Sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base.

What sugars are found in nucleotides?

Ribose and deoxyribose.

What are purines?

Double-ring nitrogenous bases.

Which bases are purines?

Adenine and guanine.

What are pyrimidines?

Single-ring nitrogenous bases.

Which bases are pyrimidines?

Cytosine, thymine, and uracil.

What bond connects nucleotides?

Phosphodiester bond.

What is a polynucleotide?

A polymer made of many nucleotides.

What is DNA?

Deoxyribonucleic acid, the genetic blueprint of an organism.

What is the structure of DNA?

Double-stranded double helix.

What does antiparallel mean?

One DNA strand runs 5'→3' while the other runs 3'→5'.

What base pairs with adenine in DNA?

Thymine.

What base pairs with guanine in DNA?

Cytosine.

What holds DNA strands together?

Hydrogen bonds.

Where is DNA found in eukaryotic cells?

The nucleus.

What is RNA?

Ribonucleic acid involved in protein synthesis.

Is RNA usually single-stranded or double-stranded?

Single-stranded.

What sugar is found in RNA?

Ribose.

What base replaces thymine in RNA?

Uracil.

What is mRNA?

Messenger RNA that carries information from DNA.

What is rRNA?

Ribosomal RNA that forms part of ribosomes.

What is tRNA?

Transfer RNA that carries amino acids during protein synthesis.

What is miRNA?

MicroRNA that regulates gene expression.

What is the main function of DNA?

Storage of genetic information.

What is the main function of RNA?

Protein synthesis and gene regulation.

What are the major differences between DNA and RNA?

DNA is double-stranded, contains deoxyribose and thymine, and stores genetic information

What forms the backbone of DNA and RNA?

Alternating sugar and phosphate groups.

What are the four bases found in DNA?

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine.

What are the four bases found in RNA?

Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, and Guanine.