Lecture 3 Packet - NWTC Anat

3rd packet in test

karatinocytes

skin cells, 40 days then slough, gives epidermis strength, produced by stratum basale and pushed toward surface

langerhans cells

macrophages, use phagocytosis to prevent infection, produced by bone marrow

melanocytes

skin color, protects skin from UV

merkel cells

sensory receptor

stratum basale

single layer cells - rapid mitosis, replace karatinocytes, deepest layer (scar tissue)

stratum spinosum

resist tension

stratum granulosum

waterproofing

stratum lucidum

found on thick skin, protects soles/fingertips/palms

stratum corneum

outer layer (protects insides)

papillary

thinner, blood vessels and nerves, folded

reticular

dense connective tissue (collagen fibers), sensory, oil glands

three pigments for skin

melanin (UV), hemoglobin(oxygen), carotin(immune)

sudoriferous

sweat

sebaceous

oil

eccrine

sweat

apocrine

puberty glands

nail body

exposed part

nail root

embedded part

nail matrix

group of cells undergo mitosis, cell growth

nail eponychium

cuticle

nail lanula

white crescent moon shape

Axial skeleton (cranium to tailbone)

frontal, sternum, C2, zygomatic

appendicular skeleton (bottom)

coxal, tarsals, metacarpals

osteoblasts

build bone

osteoclasts

resorb bone (cleave it down)

osteocytes

mature bone cells, maintain bone matrix

osteogenic cells

create osteoblasts, adult stem cells

parathyroid hormone

calcium=low, resorb bone w/ osteoclasts

Wolffs Law

bone grows in response to force

osteons

in compact bone

trabeculae

in spongy bone

lamella

tree rings, weight bearing

central (haversion) canals

middle channel of osteon, blood vessels and nerves

perforating canals

connect blood and nerves to central canal

lacunae

cavities in bone, house osteocytes

canaliculi

connect lacunae, transport waste

periosteum vs endosteum

endo=inside membrane, perio=outside membrane

epiphysis vs diaphysis

dia=long shaft, epi=ends

amphiarthroses

slightly moveable

synarthroses

immovable

diathroses

freely moveable

touching thumb to tips of fingers

opposition

turning sole of foot medially

inversion

bending at joint

flexion

movement toward midline

adduction

radius and ulna are parallel

supination

lifting toes, heels in place

dorsiflexion

straightening joint

extension

turning sole of foot laterally

eversion

lifting heel, toe in place

plantar flexion

radius crosses ulna

pronation

movement from midline

abduction