Lesson 6: Sharia Rule Flashcards

This set of vocabulary flashcards covers the definitions, types, and specific terms related to Sharia rules in Islam as outlined in the lecture notes.

Sharia rule

The effect of what Sharia says in relation to acts of accountable Muslims, including whether such acts are required or optional.

Accountable

A sane discerning adult who is free to act.

Duty (Obligatory)

An act that is requested to be done as an obligation; the person who does it will be rewarded, and the person who does not do it will have committed a sin.

Individual duty (obligation)

A duty required to be performed by every accountable Muslim where the interest achieved relates to the individual, such as performing prayers, fasting, or paying zakat.

Collective duty (obligation)

A duty required to be performed collectively by accountable Muslims; if some perform it, others have not committed a sin, but if none perform it, all have committed a sin.

Advisable

An act that is requested to be done but without creating an obligation; the person who does it will be rewarded, but the person who does not do it will not have committed a sin.

Permitted (Halal/Allowed)

An act where the person has the option to do it or not do it, and there is no blame or sin upon the one who does it.

Disliked

An act that is requested to be avoided but without creating an obligation; the person who avoids the act will be rewarded, but the person who does the act will not be punished or have committed a sin.

Forbidden

An order not to do something; the person who does not do the act will be rewarded, and the person who does the act will have committed a sin.

Volunteering work

Every legitimate effort made by man for the benefit of people and service of one's country without any material consideration.

Al-Witr prayer

A prayer that is performed between Isha and Fajr prayers, named for consisting of an odd number of rak'ahs: one, three, or more.

Backbiting

To say something true about an absent person that they would not like if they knew about it.

Slander

To say something false about an absent person.

Malicious gossip

Telling two persons what they say about each other to trigger hostility between the two.

Idle talk

Spreading stories about people without verifying them and interfering in matters which are not your business.

Major sins

Destructive sins such as performing magic, adultery, killing a soul without right, theft, and disobedience to parents.

Minor sins

Forbidden acts that are less severe than major sins, such as throwing garbage on the road, annoying others, or spreading rumors.