surgery urology

mc site of arrest of undescended testis

inguinal canal (iul7th month)

mc compliccation of undescended testis

indirect inguinal hernia

mc malignancy associated with undescended testis

seminoma

ioc for intra abdominal testis

diagnostic laparoscopy

ioc for inguinal canal testis

usg

ideal timing for surgery for undescended testis

6-12 months

sx for undescended testis

orchidopexy:

fowler stephens

keetley torek

silber

best method of orchidopexy

silber

mc site of ectopic testis

superficial inguinal pouch

risk factors for testicular torsion

bell clapper testis

testicular inversion

undescended testis

torsion cyst of morgagni

testis separating from epididymis

signs to differentiate testicular torsion vs epididymo orchitis

prehn sign: lift- decrease pain in epidiymoorchitis

deming- side of torsion lies higher

angel- transversely placed testis in torsion

mc organism of epididymo orchitis

<40 yrs- chlamydia

>40- e coli ,(secondary to uti)

mc hydrocele

(primary) vaginal hydrocele

mc cause of secondary hydrocele

epididymoorchitis

sx for hydrocele

lords plication

jaboulays procedure

herniotomy done in which hydrocele

congenital hydrocele

chinese lantern pattern on transillumination seen in

epididymal cyst

mc cause of male infertility

varicocele

mc side of

undescended testis

varicocele

rt

left

ioc for varicocele

doppler

Rx varicocele

1st line

most effective

percutaneous embolization of gonadal veins

microsurgical varicocelectomy

melaneys gangrene

fourniers with abdominal involvement

mc type of testicular tumour

germ cell tumour- seminoma

mc type of testicular tx in children

yolk sac tx

mc testicular tx in elderly

lymphoma

mc bilateral testicular tumour

lymphoma

mc clinical feature of testicular tx

testicular mass- painless - testicular sensation lost

mc site if distant mets in testicular tx

lung- cannonball lung mets

hurrican testicular tx

aggressive choriocarcinoma

tumour markers for testicular tx

AFP, beta hCG, LDH

confirmation of testicular tx done by?

histopathology by chevassu’s maneuver

mi prognostic factor in testicular tx

stage of tx

stages of seminomatous tx of testis

1- restricted to testis

2- testis+ para aortic aLn

3- “ +mets