HIST 172 csulb midterm 1 + additional info for meeee

What food, developed by Native Americans, forms the center of the contemporary American diet?

A) Beans

B) Corn

C) Squash

D)Teosinte

B) Corn

Which group was the first to build cities in the New World?

A)Toltecs

B)Mayas

C)Olmecs

D)Aztecs

C) Olmecs

Identify the author of the following primary source quote:

"The cacique [Hatuey], who had never heard any of this before, and was told he would go to Inferno where, if he did not adapt the Christian Faith, he would suffer eternal torment, asked the Franciscan friar if Christians all went to Heaven. When told that they did he said he would prefer to go to Hell. Such is the fame and honor that God and our Faith have earned through the Christians who have gone out to the Indies."

A) Columbus on the Taino

B) Il Requerimiento (1510)

C) Mexica (Aztec) Account of the Spanish

D) Bartolomé de las Casas

D) Bartolomé de las Casas

The staple crop of most precolumbian civilizations was:

A) wheat

B) corn

C) sugar

D) rice

B) Corn

The cult of the Virgin of Guadalupe in Mexico is an example of religious:

A) syncretism

B) inquisition

C) fanaticism

D) intolerance

A) syncretism

Which of the following was the most significant barrier to communication and technology transfer between groups in the Americas?

A) lack of interest among inhabitants

B) the north-south geography of the Americas

C) groups that did not know of each other's existence

D) the perpetual state of war between groups

B) the north-south geography of the Americas

The reconquista was the Spanish term for:

A) the Catholic practice of buying and selling absolution from sin.

B) the Spanish persecution of religious critics and heretics.

C) the invasion of the Aztec Empire by conquistadores.

D) the European capture of the Iberian Peninsula from Islamic Moors.

D) the European capture of the Iberian Peninsula from Islamic Moors.

Identify the author of the following primary source quote:

"[After much debate] We consider that the Indians are truly men and that they are not only capable of understanding the Catholic faith, but according to our information, they desire exceedingly to receive it."

A) Columbus on the Taino

B) Bartolomé de las Casas

C) Il Requerimiento (1510)

D) Pope Paul III in 1537

D) Pope Paul III in 1537

Columbus succeeded in reaching the Americas because:

A) the Spanish Reconquista had failed, and Spain needed a different enterprise.

B) he was one of the few Europeans who believed the world was round.

C) he grossly underestimated the distance from Europe to the Indies.

D) he convinced the Spanish monarchs to underwrite a fleet of the largest vessels of that day.

C) he grossly underestimated the distance from Europe to the Indies.

The primary purpose of Columbus' voyage of 1492 was to:

A) prove that the world was round

B) establish a new, quicker trade route to Asia

C) check the surf off the coast of Perú

D) spread Islam around the globe

B) establish a new, quicker trade route to Asia

Prior to Columbus, all of the following crops were indigenous to the Americas EXCEPT:

A) tomatoes

B) tobacco

C) corn

D) wheat

D) wheat

Largest precolumbian settlement in North America, located on the banks of the Mississippi River, was:

A) Cohokia

B) Hohokam

C) Alogonquin

D) Anastazi

A) Cohokia

All of following were brought to the New World from Europe EXCEPT:

A) sugar

B) pigs

C) corn

D) horses

C) corn

Dona Marina was

A) the founder of Hispaniola

B) the first Portuguese governor of Brazil

C) the Portuguese explorer who first rounded Africa

D) an Aztec woman with a key role in the conquest of Mexico

D) an Aztec woman with a key role in the conquest of Mexico

Identify the author of the following primary source quote:

"Espaniola is a marvel; the mountains and hills, and plains, and fields, and the soil, so beautiful and rich for planting and sowing, for breeding cattle of all sorts, for building of towns and villages. There could be no believing, without seeing, such harbors as are here, as well as the many and great rivers, and excellent waters, most of which contain gold. In the trees and fruits and plants, there are great diversities from those of Juana. In this, there are many spiceries, and great mines of gold."

A) Mexica (Aztec) Account of the Spanish

B) Columbus on the New Lands he has "discovered"

C) Pope Paul III in 1537

D) Il Requerimiento (1510)

B) Columbus on the New Lands he has "discovered"

Why were Native Americans spared the effects of most of the world's communicable diseases until contact with the Europeans in 1492?

A) Until that time, they had rarely traveled out of their own communities.

B) Until that time, they had eaten a nutrient-rich diet.

C) Until that time, they had not lived in large groups with close contact.

D) Until that time, they had not domesticated any animals on a large scale.

D) Until that time, they had not domesticated any animals on a large scale.

The following were part of Columbus's 1492 contract with the Spanish crown EXCEPT:

A) Columbus would receive 10% of all revenues garnered in the New World.

B) Columbus would be named Lieutenant Pope and religious leader of all new lands he encountered.

C) Columbus would be ennobled and given the title Admiral of the Ocean Sea.

D) Columbus would be named Viceroy and governor of all new lands encountered.

B) Columbus would be named Lieutenant Pope and religious leader of all new lands he encountered.

Most modern archeologists would agree that the earliest inhabitants of the Western Hemisphere came from which of the following areas of the world?

A) Europe

B) the Arctic

C) South America

D) Asia

D) Asia

The local Indians of what is today LA County are the:

A) Tongva/Gabrielenos

B) Maya

C) Inca

D) Mississippians

A) Tongva/Gabrielenos

The capital of the Mexica, or Aztec, empire was:

A) Veracruz

B) Cuzco

C) Tenochitlan

D) Tlaxcala

C) Tenochitlan

Indigenous Americans suffered demographic losses of genocidal proportions in the 16th and 17th centuries. The number of native peoples dropped from 30-50 million in 1492 to 12 million by 1650. The primary cause for this horrific decline was:

A) endemic droughts

B) the practice of human sacrifice

C) smallpox

D) Spanish firearms

C) smallpox

Which of the following was the biggest factor in the early and rapid success of the conquistadors against Native Americans?

A) the infectious diseases brought by the Spanish.

B) the rigid political centralization of the Aztecs, which meant that to capture the emperor was to conquer the empire.

C) the bloody religious system of the Aztecs, which meant that the Spanish stress on Christian virtue won converts among Indian peasants.

D) the military technology of the Spanish.

A) the infectious diseases brought by the Spanish.

Changes in European society that caused the expansion of European peoples into the New World after 1450 included:

A) the rise of women.

B) a deflationary spiral that dried up sources of capital.

C) technological advances in seafaring and weaponry.

D) political decentralization with a democratic philosophy.

C) technological advances in seafaring and weaponry.

Spanish monarch who sponsored Columbus's first voyage to the New World:

A) Queen Isabella

B) King Carlos

C) Prince Henry

D) El Cid

A) Queen Isabella

Columbus mistakenly labeled the Taino people "Indians," believing that:

A) he had reached the Indies.

B) the natives of the Americas originally came from India rather than Siberia.

C) he had reached the American shore.

D) he had reached India.

A) he had reached the Indies.

The vast majority of African slaves brought to the New World:

A) worked on sugar plantations

B) were Ibo

C) spoke Swahili

D) were from present-day Sierra Leone

A) worked on sugar plantations

Which of the following best describes the coastal African kingdoms that Portuguese traders encountered in the second half of the fifteenth century?

A) They were frequently cannibalistic communities that relied heavily on hunting and gathering practices.

B) They were mostly innocent native tribes that admired European explorers.

C) They desired European salt.

D) They wanted to trade with Europeans while protecting their own internal commercial networks.

D) They wanted to trade with Europeans while protecting their own internal commercial networks.

Which of the following sparked the Seven Years' War?

A) soured trade relationships between Britain and France.

B) the desire for independence among British colonial subjects.

C) tensions between Indian tribes allied with the British and French, respectively.

D) disputes over land in the backcountry between Britain and France.

D) disputes over land in the backcountry between Britain and France.

At its peak in the 18th century, the Atlantic slave trade was dominated by the:

A) British

B) Portuguese

C) French

D) Spanish

A) British

The primary objective of mercantilism was to:

A) encourage development of a textile industry in Europe.

B) promote free trade policies.

C) develop industries in the Americas.

D) build national self-sufficiency through a favorable balance of trade.

D) build national self-sufficiency through a favorable balance of trade.

The United States abolished slavery in:

A) 1886

B) 1888

C) 1865

D) 1829

C) 1865

During the Atlantic slave trade, roughly _____ million Africans were put on ships to the Americas.

11-12 million

About _____ of enslaved Africans died during the "middle passage."

10-15%

What was the most lucrative New World product by the later 1600s?

A) silver

B) tobacco

C) rice

D) sugar

D) sugar

Brazil abolished slavery in:

A) 1829

B) 1876

C) 1888

D) 1865

C) 1888

Changes in European society that caused the expansion of European peoples into the New World after 1450 included:

A) technological advances in seafaring and weaponry.

B) the rise of women.

C) a deflationary spiral that dried up sources of capital.

D) political decentralization with a democratic philosophy.

A) technological advances in seafaring and weaponry.

A "diaspora" is a?

forced migration

European slave traders usually exchanged _____ for slaves in west Africa:

A) gold

B) sugar

C) tobacco

D) firearms

D) firearms

While the rising demand for slaves in the Chesapeake played some role in the growth of the Atlantic slave trade between the mid-1500s and the late 1800s, it was the spread of plantation economies in other places that spurred and sustained the traffic in human beings. Which were these other places?

A) British North America

B) the Caribbean and South America.

C) the Middle East and North Africa

D) South Africa and India

B) the Caribbean and South America.

Which of the following best assesses the role of British North America in the Atlantic slave trade?

A) Mainland English colonists played only a small role in the Atlantic slave trade.

B) Whereas North American colonists resisted slavery, their king insisted on the institution.

C) North American colonists were by far the most entrepreneurial slave traders.

D) The North American colonies were the chief destination for African slaves.

A) Mainland English colonists played only a small role in the Atlantic slave trade.

Who brought the first African slaves to Virginia in 1619?

A) Portuguese

B) Dutch

C) Spanish

D) French

B) Dutch

Which of the following did NOT trigger the revolt led by Nathaniel Bacon?

A) popular opposition to the restoration of the monarchy.

B) a contest for power between older and newer elites.

C) diminishing economic opportunities for freed servants and small planters.

D) clashes between Indians and whites.

A) popular opposition to the restoration of the monarchy.

Famous former slave who later became a prominent abolitionist in the 18th century:

Olaudah Equiano

Identify the author of the following primary source quote:

"Noah became drunk and lay uncovered in his tent. Ham the father of Canaan, saw the nakedness of his father, and told his brothers outside. . . . When Noah awoke from his wine and knew what his youngest son had done to him, he said: 'Cursed be Canaan: a slave of slaves he shall be to his brothers [and their descendants]."

A) Genesis 9:25

B) Columbus

C) Bartolomé de las Casas

D) Olaudah Equiano

A) Genesis 9:25

After 1680, Chesapeake planters began to rely more heavily on black slave labor than on indentured white servants because:

A) whites were developing a more egalitarian society.

B) declining death rates made indentured servants more profitable than slaves.

C) the flow of white servant immigrants was increasing.

D) the pool of available black labor was widening.

D) the pool of available black labor was widening.

Statistically, about _____ of enslaved Africans brought to the New World during the Atlantic slave trade were brought to North America:

A) 5%

B) 40%

C9) 25%

D) 20%

A) 5%

By the Middle Ages, elites in Europe valued slaves mostly:

A) for their labor in potato fields.

B) as soldiers and mercenaries.

C) as status symbols.

D) as skilled artisans.

C) as status symbols.

The primary objective of mercantilism was to:

A) eradicate poverty and spread prosperity.

B) foster personal wealth.

C) enrich the nation through exports.

D) establish a free market.

C) enrich the nation through exports.

Identify the author of the following primary source quote:

"The first object which saluted my eyes when I arrived on the coast was the sea, and a slave ship, which was then riding in at anchor, and waiting for its cargo. These filled me with astonishment, which was soon converted in to terror, which I am yet at a loss to describe . . . I was now persuade that I had gotten into a world of bad spirits, and they were going to kill. Their complexions too differing from ours, their long hair, and the language they spoke. . . I was soon put down under the decks, and there I received such a salutation in my nostrils as I had never experienced in my life; so that with loathsomeness of the stench and crying together, I became so sick and low that I was not able to eat."

A) Genesis 9:25

B) Olaudah Equiano

C) Bartolomé de las Casas

D) Columbus

B) Olaudah Equiano

Virginia planters began to turn toward the use of African slave labor after this event:

A) John Rolfe's marriage to Pocahontas (1614).

B) founding of Jamestown in 1607

C) Bacon's Rebellion (1676)

D) Landing at Plymouth Rock (1620)

C) Bacon's Rebellion (1676)

The largest receiving area for African slaves in the New World was:

A) British North America

B) Cuba

C) Brazil

D) Spanish America

C) Brazil

Which of the following describes an important advantage for New England settlers?

A) They came with enormous wealth.

B) They mostly arrived in family groups.

C) They were skilled warriors.

D) They arrived with legions of slaves.

B) They mostly arrived in family groups.

First three women accused of being witches in Salem in 1692:

A) Pocahontas, Anne Hutchinson, Powhatan

B) Tituba, Anne Hutchinson, Pocahontas

C) Tituba, Sarah Osborne, Sarah Good.

D) Anne Hutchinson, Sarah Good, Dona Marina.

C) Tituba, Sarah Osborne, Sarah Good.

Identify the author of the following primary source quote:

"4. For having protected, favored, and emboldened the Indians against his Majesty's loyal subjects, never contriving, requiring, or appointing any due or proper means of satisfaction for their many invasions, robberies, and murders committed upon us. . . Of this and the aforesaid articles we accuse Sir William Berkeley as guilty of each and every one of the same, and as one who has traitorously attempted, violated, and injured his Majesty's interest here by a loss of a great part of this his colony and many of his faithful loyal subjects."

A) John Winthrop, 1630

B) Anne Hutchinson, 1638

C) Roger Williams, 1636

D) Nathaniel Bacon, 1676

D) Nathaniel Bacon, 1676

Which of the following was NOT a factor in inducing the migration of English Puritans to New England?

A) political conflict

B) a zeal to convert the Indians.

C) the perceived failure of the English government to purify society and the church.

D) economic uncertainty

B) a zeal to convert the Indians.

What was the most lucrative New World product by the later 1600s?

A) rice

B) sugar

C) tobacco

D) silver

B) sugar

Protestant theologian who formulated the doctrine of predestination:

A) Martin Luther

B) John Calvin

C) Henry VIII

D) John Smith

B) John Calvin

By the time the Salem Witch Trials ended, those accused were:

A) made up of low and high class individuals.

B) Solely outcasts and lower-class women.

C) all characterized as having many cats.

D) Solely women

A) made up of low and high class individuals.

Which three empires claimed parts of North America in the 16th century?

A) Portugal, Spain, & France

B) France, England, & Germany

C) Spain, France, & Portugal

D) France, Spain, & England

D) France, Spain, & England

How did Virginians cope with the end of the tobacco boom in the 1630s and 1640s?

A) They went into the carrying trade.

B) They began to produce more corn and cattle.

C) They left the colony for the Caribbean.

D) They began to cultivate cotton.

B) They began to produce more corn and cattle.

This chapter tells the story of the Powhatan confederacy to make the point that:

Indians initially tolerated the first English settlers as allies against rival tribes, but the cultivation of tobacco led to white land hunger that would destroy Indian power.

The vast majority of immigrants to the Chesapeake in the 1600s came from which of the following parts of English society?

A) the aristocracy

B) convicts

C) the middle-class

D) ordinary working people

D) ordinary working people

The Puritans migrated to North America mainly in search of

A) political rights

B) gold

C) religious freedom

D) tobacco

C) religious freedom

Why has one historian described the pilgrims as the "beneficiaries of catastrophe"?

They arrived in a region that had been devastated by a massive epidemic disease just four years earlier.

Identify the author or source of the following primary source quote by placing the letter of the author or text next to the corresponding excerpt.

" In the name of God, Amen. We, whose names are underwritten, the Loyal Subjects of our dread Sovereign Lord, King James, by the Grace of God, of England, France and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, e&."

A) John Winthrop (1630)

B) Nathaniel Bacon, 1676

C) Mayflower Compact

D) Roger Williams

C) Mayflower Compact

Prior to Bacon's Rebellion, the labor force on Virginia's tobacco plantations was made up largely of?

A) African slaves

B) women

C) white indentured servants

D) Indians

C) white indentured servants

The principal institution used by the Spanish to incorporate natives into colonial society was the

A) hacienda.

B) vaquero.

C) presidio.

D) mission.

D) mission.

What about Anne Hutchinson made authorities in Massachusetts uneasy in the 1630s?

A) She publicly called for women's right to vote and easier access to divorce.

B) She explained the meaning of sermons to her neighbors and developed and elaborated on her own ideas.

C) She defied the Massachusetts treaty with neighboring Indians by calling for war.

D) She openly embraced witchcraft and taught young girls black magic.

B) She explained the meaning of sermons to her neighbors and developed and elaborated on her own ideas.

Which of the following was NOT included in Penn's vision for his colony?

A) providing a refuge for Quakers from England and elsewhere.

B) generating rental revenue for himself.

C) establishing a model society to reform the failings of Europe.

D) displacing the savage Indians

D) displacing the savage Indians

Why did Roger Williams, founder of Rhode Island, denounce the charter of the Massachusetts Bay Colony?

A) It deprived him of his proprietary rights.

B) It granted Africans access to the colony.

C) It failed to follow the Bible.

D) The king had no right to grant land that he had not purchased from the natives.

D) The king had no right to grant land that he had not purchased from the natives.

On the eve of New World exploration in 1492, European society was marked by

A) Protestantism

B) egalitarianism

C) communism

D) feudalism

D) feudalism

The Puritan belief that God was in control of history fueled a zeal to improve society. This belief is known as:

A) divine grace.

B) the Protestant Reformation.

C) the calling to conversion.

D) predestination.

D) predestination.

Identify the author or source of the following primary source quote by placing the letter of the author or text next to the corresponding excerpt.

"We shall be as a city upon a hill, the eyes of all people are upon us."

A) Nathaniel Bacon, 1676

B) Roger Williams

C) Mayflower Compact

D) John Winthrop (1630)

D) John Winthrop (1630)

Of the following, which is the most likely reason that Maryland granted religious toleration?

A) Its Puritan founders wished to break the power of the Anglican state church.

B) Its idealistic founders sought a virtuous and egalitarian utopia for the worthy poor of all faiths.

C) Its Catholic founders wished to provide a haven for Catholics.

D) Its merchant founders needed a gimmick to lure settlers away from Virginia.

C) Its Catholic founders wished to provide a haven for Catholics.

The description of Massachusetts Bay Colony using the biblical metaphor of a "city upon a hill" relates to the Puritan founders' idea that the colony should

A) be a refuge for all religious dissenters.

B) serve as an example to the world.

C) be located on a readily defensible site.

D) be separate from the world.

B) serve as an example to the world.

Why did the Bacon's rebellion ultimately fail?

A) Bacon lacked popular support.

B) Governor Berkeley proved a resilient opponent.

C) Bacon fled to New England and abandoned the cause.

D) Bacon died from dysentery.

D) Bacon died from dysentery.

In which colony did royal authority begin to fall apart first, prompting the British government to institute martial law in 1774?

A) New York

B) Pennsylvania

C) Massachusetts

D) Rhode Island

C) Massachusetts

What was one British perception of the colonies immediately after the war?

A) They thought too many colonists had sided with the French.

B) They thought the colonies had not contributed enough to the war.

C) They thought that most of the colonists were not loyal to the British Crown.

D) They were afraid the colonies would not be able to pay higher taxes to pay off war debt.

B) They thought the colonies had not contributed enough to the war.

After the Boston Tea Party, in 1774 Parliament sought to reassert its authority through the passage of the:

A) Quebec Act.

B) Stamp Act.

C) Sugar Act.

D) Coercive Acts.

D) Coercive Acts.

Author of the 1776 pamphlet Common Sense, which inspired thousands of colonists to join the Revolution:

A) Patrick Henry

B) Thomas Paine

C) Ben Franklin

D) George Washington

B) Thomas Paine

Identify the author or document of the following primary source quote:

"I long to hear that you have declared an independency—and by the way in the New Code or Laws which I suppose it will be necessary for you to make I desire you would Remember the Ladies, and be more generous and favourable to them than your ancestors. Do not put such unlimited power into the hands of the Husbands. Remember all men would be tyrants if they could."

A) Abigail Adams

B) John Smith

C) John Adams

D) Patrick Henry

A) Abigail Adams

The Seven Years' War pitted Britain against France in a struggle to control what region of North America?

A) Lower Canada

B) Northwest Territories

C) Ohio Country

D) Louisiana

C) Ohio Country

As a result of Pontiac's Rebellion, the British issued the Proclamation of 1763, which:

A) forbade colonials from settling west of the Appalachians.

B) put two colonial superintendents in place to oversee Indian relations.

C) paid the Indians for lands west of the Appalachians.

D) cut all diplomatic ties with the Indians.

A) forbade colonials from settling west of the Appalachians.

Which of the following is a reason why England left a standing army in the colonies after the Seven Years' War?

A) England wanted to be ready for war with the colonials.

B) To thank the colonists for their support, the troops provided the colonies protection free of charge.

C) England wanted to tighten its administration in the colonies.

D) England was worried about the French regaining a foothold in North America.

C) England wanted to tighten its administration in the colonies.

How did colonial American society differ most from English society?

A) The middle class made up a far greater portion of the American population than the English population.

B) Colonial America had a more developed and thriving industrial society than England.

C) Poverty was a much more significant problem in the underdeveloped economy of America than it was inthe flourishing economy of England.

D) The wealthy elite of America enjoyed much greater luxury and political power than did the wealthy eliteof England.

A) The middle class made up a far greater portion of the American population than the English population.

Where did the first shots of the American Revolution take place in April 1775?

A) Lexington and Concord

B) New York

C) Richmond

D) Boston and Salem

A) Lexington and Concord

In resisting the Stamp Act, Americans affirmed their

A) general mistrust of power.

B) particular right to freedom of religion.

C) belief in taxation by the Crown.

D) belief in virtual representation.

A) general mistrust of power.

At the end of the Seven Years' War, the Americans ________, while the British ________.

A) were suffering from war-induced economic hard times; were saddled with a great war debt.

B) were proud to be British; were comparably proud of their fellow Englishmen in America.

C) sought to keep British troops to protect them from the Indians; thought the Americans should settle and defend the Ohio Country on their own.

D) celebrated their contributions to victory; voiced contempt for American soldiering and suspicions of American self-interest.

D) celebrated their contributions to victory; voiced contempt for American soldiering and suspicions of American self-interest.

Whose defeat at the makeshift defensive structure known as Fort Necessity began the Seven Years' War?

A) James Wolfe

B) George Washington

C) the Iroquois

D) George Grenville

B) George Washington

Why was the duty on tea maintained after the other Townshend duties had been repealed?

A) to control commerce and punish the colonials for their resistance.

B) to bring in revenue and to show the colonials that Parliament had the authority to tax.

C) to trick the colonials into paying a tax and then use that as a precedent for further taxes.

D) to create division among the colonials since the tax hurt merchants but made tea cheaper for ordinary people.

B) to bring in revenue and to show the colonials that Parliament had the authority to tax.

Why was the Stamp Act, in particular, so controversial?

A) It taxed foodstuffs and thus affected all colonials.

B) It was a tariff rather than a tax, so it attempted to control the flow of commerce.

C) It taxed colonials at a higher rate than the previous taxes had.

D) It affected all colonials rather than just merchants and was a direct tax, as opposed to a tariff.

D) It affected all colonials rather than just merchants and was a direct tax, as opposed to a tariff.

Why do you think Thomas Paine's Common Sense was important to the independence movement?

A) Paine's ideas appealed to moderates who were not sure that they wanted to break completely with England, even as theyopposed the Coercive Acts and other laws.

B) Paine was able to use his English background to argue that more people should be brought into the fold of the independencemovement, not just radicals born in America.

C) Paine's republicanism appealed to the economic and political elites responsible for lawmaking in the colonies, causing them touse his ideas in congressional decisions.

D) Paine asserted a republican philosophy designed to appeal to everyday people and unabashedly argued that liberty could not beachieved under British rule.

D) Paine asserted a republican philosophy designed to appeal to everyday people and unabashedly argued that liberty could not beachieved under British rule.

Engraver and key member of the "Sons of Liberty", an underground intelligence network in Boston:

A) Thomas Jefferson

B) Ben Franklin

C) Paul Revere

D) George Washington

C) Paul Revere

From the colonials' point of view, what was the fundamental problem with British taxes?

A) the products on which the British had placed the taxes.

B) the fact that the colonials had no direct representation in Parliament.

C) Britain's way of enforcing the taxes.

D) the recession in the colonies made it difficult to pay the taxes

B) the fact that the colonials had no direct representation in Parliament.

Principal author of the Declaration of Independence:

A) James Madison

B) George Washington

C) Thomas Jefferson

D) Patrick Henry

C) Thomas Jefferson

Colonial merchants such as John Hancock particularly objected to the:

A) Stamp Act

B) Proclamation Line of 1763

C) Navigation Acts

D) institution of the monarchy

C) Navigation Acts

Why was the Declaration of Rights and Grievances issued by the First Continental Congress in 1774 so important?

A) It showed the strength of radicals from Massachusetts in the colonial coalition.

B) It revealed the fissures in colonial unity, as southern planters refused to endorse the Declaration.

C) It asserted that Parliament had no right to legislate, in addition to the usual charge that Parliament had no right to tax.

D) It declared American independence, making war between Britain and its American colonies inevitable.

C) It asserted that Parliament had no right to legislate, in addition to the usual charge that Parliament had no right to tax.

What means did the delegates choose for resisting the Coercive Acts?

A) They agreed to immediately cease all exports to Britain, including rice and tobacco.

B) They agreed to immediately cease all trade with England, with the exception of rice and tobacco.

C) They agreed to dump the cargo off of any British ships that entered their harbors.

D) They agreed to stop importing British goods and to boycott East India Company tea.

D) They agreed to stop importing British goods and to boycott East India Company tea.

In 1775, British governor of Virginia who promised freedom to slaves who supported British rule:

A) Winston Churchill

B) Henry VIII

C) Edward IV

D) Lord Dunmore

D) Lord Dunmore

Lord Dunmore's Proclamation (1775):

A) created marshal law in Virgina

B) called fro direct colonial representation in the British parliament.

C) called for Canadian independence.

D) emancipated all slaves who joined the British lines..'

D) emancipated all slaves who joined the British lines..'