AP Government - Unit 3 Vocab

Wall of Separation

There should be a clear divide between church and state

Metadata

All the cellphone communication info minus the actual conversations

Miranda Rule

Citizens must be read their rights

Free Exercise Clause

Prevents the government from stopping religious practices

Civil Liberties

Constitutionally established freedoms that protects citizens, opinions, and property against gov't interference

Bill of Rights

First 10 amendments to the Constitution protect individual liberties

Establishment Clause

Federal, state, and local gov't cannot establish, recognize, or disregard any religion

Procedural Due Process

Gov't officials use specific methods not random when carrying out constitutionally protected rights (manner in which the law is carried out)

Selective Incorporation

Declaring only certain or selected provisions from the bill of rights applicable to the states rather than all of them

Substantive Due Process

addresses the essece of the law, protecting unenumerated rights

Exclusionary Rule

Evidence illegally seized by law enforcement officers in violation of the suspects 4th amendment rights cannot be used against that suspect in criminal prosecution

Defamatory Speech

Language that harms the reputation of another including libel and slander

Affirmative Action

Label placed on institutional efforts to diversify by race, gender, or otherwise

Jim Crow

Series of laws that segregation black and white citizens

Privileges and Immunities

Citizens of a state are entitles to all the same rights as citizens of another state (when traveling)

Civil Rights Acts of 1964

No person can be denied access to public services because of race, color, religion, or nation origin

Equal Protection Clause

Gov't must treat an individual in the same manner as others in similar conditions and circumstances

Free Press

Communication, written or digital (published) is a right

Due Process Clause

Procedures gov't must follow before it deprives an individual of life, liberty, or property

Symbolic Speech

Nonverbal action that communication an idea or belief