Biology 9H Unit 2 - Organelles (NBW)

Organelles

A specialized, functional structure within a cell that is meant to perform a specific task.

Cell Membrane

The boundary between the inside and outside of the cell, Regulares what can come in and out of the cell. Organelle that maintains homeostasis.

Think: Security/Bouncer

Cell Wall

ONLY IN PLANTS!

surrounds plant, fungal, and bacterial cells. provides structure, protection and support. Outside of the membrane

Think: Their version of muscle (Structure & support)

Nucleus

The BOSS

Made of Chromatin (Strands of DNA). Gives directions to make proteins and controls the activity of other organelles

Think: BOSS / Cookbook

Nucleolus

Located inside the nucleus and makes ribosomes

Ribosomes

made by the nucleus

Makes proteins from amino acids (20 different kinds).

Made of RNA & proteins.

Think: Ribs have protein - ribosomes make proteins

Free Ribosomes

Float freely in the cytoplasm and make proteins that perform tasks WITHIN the cytoplasm itself.

Cytoplasm

kind of like air in a room

Clear gelatinous fluid (mostly made of water). Involved in transport and suspends the organelles

Think: Cyto-sight (no sight of it)

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

series of an interconnected network of highly folded membranes. Involved in transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm. 2 types-rough and smooth

Rough ER

Assists ribosomes in making proteins

Right next to nucleus

Think: Rough-does the rough work

Smooth ER

Produces and stores lipids

Think: Smooth-Stores

Golgi Apparatus

Flattened system of tubular membranes that packages proteins.

Vacuoles

The storage facility of the cell that stores foods, enzymes and Other material needed by the cell. Membrane bound space.

Think: Vaccum is stored in storage room

Lysosomes

Membrane bound storage center that digests dangerous material.

Think: Lyso- lies and destroys them

Chloroplasts

ONLY IN PLANTS!

Involved in energy transformation - double membrane - stroma surrounds the stacks. capture light and produce food to store for later.

Think: Color-energy

Mitochondria

Powerhouse of the cell. Animals typically have more. Contain their own DNA and can replicate as needed. Everyone gets it from their mom. Generates energy from sugars and fatty acids. Stores energy.

Think: Mito - Mom - generates/ stores energy

Cytoskeleton

Supportive structure for other organelles. Assists them in moving from place to place in the cell. Made of tiny rods. Like a skeleton but changes position.

Think: Skeleton - structure and moves in cytoplasm.

Centrioles

ONLY IN ANIMALS!

Necessary for cell division

Form spindle fibers that hel organize chromosomes during mitosis.

Think: Central Park - NYC - Spiderman