Psychiatric Evaluation, Cognitive Levels, Psych Management, and Occupational Therapy Interventions

Comprehensive flashcard set covering psychiatric evaluation methods, the Mental Status Examination (MSE), the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE), Allen Cognitive Levels, psychopharmacology, and occupational therapy interventions and group dynamics.

In conducting interviews, what does the SOLER posture acronym stand for?

Squarely, Open posture, Lean forward, Eye contact, and Relaxed.

How do open-ended questions differ from close-ended questions during psychiatric interviews?

Open-ended questions start conversations and elicit broad answers, whereas close-ended questions result in faster, limited answers such as Yes / No.

What clinical conditions are indicated by poorly groomed versus overly groomed appearance on the MSE?

Poorly groomed indicates disorganized schizophrenia and depression. Overly groomed indicates OCD / OCPD or hypersexualized presentation (histrionic PD).

What is the difference between catalepsy and cataplexy in motor behavior?

Catalepsy is rigid posturing, while cataplexy is a lack of tone (most common with narcolepsy clients).

How is akathisia described in the Mental Status Examination motor behavior section?

A subjective feeling of motor tone.

How are dysphonia, dysprosody, and aphonia distinguished in speech assessment?

Dysphonia is an impairment in speaking, dysprosody is a loss of talking with melody, and aphonia is the inability to talk or speak.

What is the difference between clanging and word salad?

Clanging involves rhymes, whereas word salad is a mixture of words and sentences.

What components make up thought content?

Delusions, obsessions, and compulsions.

How are circumstantiality and tangentiality distinguished under thought process?

Circumstantiality eventually gets to the point, while in tangentiality, the first statement answers the question, but succeeding statements are unrelated.

How are flight of ideas, loosening of associations, and derailment defined in thought process?

Flight of ideas consists of connected but fast thoughts; loosening of associations consists of thoughts that are not really connected; derailment involves going out of topic.

What is the distinction between hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations?

Hypnagogic hallucinations occur while or about to fall asleep, whereas hypnopompic hallucinations occur when waking up.

What are the two forms of judgment evaluated on the MSE, and what does each assess?

Social judgment assesses the ability to interpret a verse, while test judgment evaluates problem-solving.

How do paramnesia and confabulation differ regarding memory impairment?

Paramnesia is distorted memory or confusion, whereas confabulation is filling in gaps of memory.

What is the distinction between intellectual insight and true emotional insight?

Intellectual insight involves awareness without change, while true emotional insight involves both awareness and change.

What is the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) also known as, and what does the ORACRAL mnemonic stand for?

It is also known as the Folstein Test. ORACRAL stands for Orientation, Registration, Attention and calculation, Recall, Ability to follow instructions, and Language.

What are Allen Cognitive Levels 1 through 3, including their time spans and cues?

Level 1 is Automatic (seconds, subliminal cues); Level 2 is Postural (minutes, proprioceptive cues); Level 3 is Manual (30 mins, tactile cues).

What are Allen Cognitive Levels 4 through 6, including their time spans and cues?

Level 4 is Goal-Directed (hours, visual cues); Level 5 is Exploratory (weeks, related cues); Level 6 is Planned (past & future, symbolic cues).

What medications are listed for traditional versus atypical treatment of schizophrenia?

Traditional: Haldol & Haloperidol. Atypical: Risperidone & Risperdal, clonzapine.

Which medication classes and examples are specified for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)?

SSRIs: Fluoxetine & Prozac; SSARIs: Venlafaxine (Effexor); Tricyclic: Imipramine & Tofranil; MAOI: Nardil, Phenelzine.

What medications are indicated for Bipolar D/O and Anxiety D/O?

Bipolar D/O: Carbamazepine, Lithium, & Valproic Acid. Anxiety D/O: Diazepam & Valium.

What is TUA in occupational therapy and what does it involve?

Occupations, activities, tasks, and methods; treatments that can be modified, adapted, or graded up/down based on the client's current skill level.

In Therapeutic Use of Self (TUS), what client presentations indicate Active Friendliness, Kind Firmness, and Matter of Fact approaches?

Active Friendliness is used for reserved & withdrawn clients; Kind Firmness is used for uncooperative clients; Matter of Fact is used for irresponsible and manipulative clients.

In Therapeutic Use of Self (TUS), what client presentations indicate Passive Friendliness and No Demand?

Passive Friendliness is indicated for manic episodes and distrust; No Demand is indicated for aggressive or out of control clients.

What is the primary difference in emphasis between Task-Oriented Groups and Thematic Groups?

In Task-Oriented Groups, the process (means) is important and produces a tangible product. In Thematic Groups, finishing the task (ends) is important, along with tangible product, verbal discussion, and skill development (e.g., money management or schedule-making).

What are the primary focuses of Topical Groups and Instrumental Groups?

Topical Groups focus on verbal discussions (e.g., Alcoholics Anonymous). Instrumental Groups focus on maintaining the highest or optimal function of clients.

How are Parallel Groups and Project Groups defined under Developmental Groups, and what is the OT role in both?

Parallel Groups involve tolerating a non-threatening group without having to interact with each other. Project Groups involve performing a shared short-term activity. In both, the OT acts as director.