lec 24 climate change on ecosystems

niche

specific physical location that a species can occupy depending on specialization and competition

phenology

the timeframe of seasonal biological phenomena i.e. nature's calendar

change in timing of a single species can have

community-level effects e.g. peak food density

distribution

the spatial location of a species across a geographic area due to climatic conditions and biotic interactions

as temps increase, established biomes and communities are moving towards

poles, upslope, or deeper in water

in 3 degree warming, communities will have to migrate

4km/year to keep up

reid’s paradox of rapid plant migration

migration rates are faster than we expect

why reid's paradox

rare long-distance dispersal events, some dispersal by animals

increase in appendage size to

increase surface area for dissipation of heat

decrease in body size to

cool down faster

gill oxygen limitation theory

body grows faster than gills, so large fish cannot get enough oxygen to support their size in warmer waters

higher fish metabolism leads to

greater accumulation of toxins e.g. mercury

sex of reptiles is determined by

temperature - higher overall temperature will lead to all of one sex instead of a mix

future adaptation is restricted by

the fast rate at which temperature is increasing

assisted migration

moving species to new better range, must consider existing species and long-term survival

microbiome hacking

isolate and transplant a heat tolerant microbiome to have whole body effects