AFRS 300 Midterm Exam

Edfu text

describes the origin of egyptian civilisation on the Nile Valley, apearing between 8000 and 10000 B.C.

Aha Mena or Menses

first Egyptian king of the first dynasty, united upper and lower Egypt

New Crown of the Pharaoh

Khufu created a new crown when he became king, uniting thge high peaked red crown of lower egypt with the white crown of upper Egypt.

The Great Pyramid

built by Emperor Khufu, took 20 years to build, and was used to preserve scientific instruments rather than as a tomb

Imhotep

important figure, architect of the first pyramid in the thirds dynasty, was eventually honoured as the god of medicine

why would the old kingdom fall

multiple rulers trying to claim the throne at the same time

King Intef I

a nobleman responsible for founding the middle kingdom of egypt, when egypt would eventually expend into Nubia

why did the middle kingdom fall

Queen Sebekheferu married a commoner, and this began a civil war lasting 100 years

New kingdom

founded after the Asian nomads called Hyksos were driven out of Egypt

Amenhotep III

successful new kingdom pharaoh, made egypt known for trade by building fleet

Ramses II

notable new kingdom pharaoh, built temples along the Nile and was worshipped as a god in Ethiopia

Iron Age

began around 2000 B.C., originating in central Africa with inventions such as plows, swords, hammer and anvil

Ethiopians

origin civilization of ancient Egypt ancient Egypt located in the Nile and Tigris Euphrates Valleys, had temples, pyramids, and their own writing system

what is MAAT

foundational moral ideal in Ancient Egypt, MAAT was ther ethics and religion they operated by

three realms of MAAT

the divine, the natural, the social, MAAT is tefunut or the female element in creation

seven cardinal virtues of MAAT

truth, justice, propriety, harmony, balance, reciprocity, order

four ideas of MAAT

harmony of the universe, the political, social, and personal systems

Kingdom of Kush

earliest kingdom in the middle nile founded by the kerma culture, ruled Egypt during the twenty-fifth of “Ethiopian” dynasty

King Shabaka

founded the twenty-fifth dynasty of egypt, brother of Piankhi who ordered the most detailed carvings we have from Egypt

Napata and Meroe

capital of kush waa first napata, then was moved furhter south to meroe to put more distance between kushites and Egyptians, meroitic hieroglyphs were the writing system

decline of Kush

kush would be wekened from raids by nomadic peoples, like the Axumites, and then the Nubas would overthrow the weakened kush

Olmec culture

spanned from 800 B.C. to 400 B.C., influence of egyptian and phoenician influence in art

stone heads

found in Mexico dating to 688 to 680 B.C., during the Twenty-Fifth dynasty of egypt, had african features

Carthage

founded by the phoenicians in tunisia around 822 B.C., phoenicians were first ancient civilization to colonize africa

First Punic Wars

three in total between Rome and Carthage, first in 264 B.C. with two defeats of Carthage, hired Numidians to fight in the army with the Carthaginian Sacred Band

Hannibal

considered one of the greatest military generals, fought for Carthage and helped defeat Rome many times before ultimately being defeated

Third punic war

final punic war that began in 149 B.C., ended in defeat by Carthage and massacre of the city, survivors forced further inland