CSD 653 - Birth to 5

Class 1 & 2

control intention

request, protest, suggest, deny

representational intention

request, labelling

tutorial intention

repeating, practicing

social intention

greetings

procedural intention

calling, repetition, imitation

expressive intention

exclaiming, interjecting

prenatal developmental risks

* alcohol
* drugs
* toxins - lead paint
* infections - rubella

characteristics of the first word

* CV, VC, CVCV
* phonetic simplification of adult words
* they fulfill their communicative intentions

true words

* consistent in usage
* phonetically related to an adult word
* occur in the presence of the referent
* extends the original context

phonetically consistent forms (PCFs)

* idiosyncratic world-like productions that children use consistently and meaningfully but that do not approximate adult forms
* may have multiple referents, but use a consistent sound

sleep stages

* quiet sleep
* active sleep
* drowsy sleep
* active alert
* fussy alert
* crying alert

adjusted age

actual age - weeks preterm = adjusted age

risks of low BW

* respiratory distress syndrome
* apnea
* bradycardia
* intercranial hemorrhage
* necrotizing enterocolitis

low BW vs VL BW

* LBW: less than 5.5 lbs
* VLBW: less than 3.5 lbs

post-term

born after 42 weeks

late term

born between 41 weeks and 41 weeks and 6 days

full term

born between 39 weeks and 40 weeks and 6 days

early term

born between 37 and 38 weeks and 6 days

* extremely pre-term: less than 28 weeks
* very pre-term: between 28 and 31 weeks and 6 days
* mod. to late pre-term: between 32 weeks and 36 weeks and 6 days

genetic and congenital risks of LBW

* craniofacial disorders
* inborn errors of metabolism
* chromosomal abnormalities
* respiratory distress
* trouble remaining warm

deictic gestures

* first gesture stage
* during infancy with no intentions
* meaning changes based on context
* includes pointing, showing and giving

referential gestures

* second gesture stage
* indicates a precise referent with stable meaning across context
* uses signals as an impending form of the transition from pre-linguistic to linguistic

gesture-word combinations

* third gesture stage
* present when children are preparing to transition from one to two-word phrases
* may use two-word combinations

pre-intentional stage

* 1- 8 months of age
* AKA perlocutionary stage
* babies have no intentions for their actions, but caregivers pretend that they do

prelinguistic communication stage

* 9 to 18 months of age
* babies express intentions through signals and meaningful gestures
* babies startle at loud sounds, quiets when spoken to and recognizes caregiver’s voice

milestones for 4-6 months of age

hearing: moves eyes in the direction of the sound, responds to change in voices, notices toys that make sounds, listens to music

talking: makes speech-like babbling sounds that include consonant phonemes (pa, ba, mi), laughs, makes sounds when happy or upset

milestones for 7 months - 1 year of age

hearing: follows a point, turns when you call their name, responds to phrases, plays games, listens to songs and short stories

talking: long strings of sounds (mimi, baba), points to objects, uses one to two words, uses gestures, imitates

newborn stage

* lacks intentional gestures
* coos and pleasure sounds
* cries change for different needs

overlap

when toddlers overextend a word in certain circumstances and underextend in other circumstances

underextension

when a child uses words to refer to only a subset of a possible referent

* more common than overextension
* both expressive and receptive affected
* for example, “book” may be used only when referencing the books in the child’s room

overextension/overgeneralization

when a child uses a word in an overly general manner, usually in expressive language only

* three types of overextensions: categorical, analogical and relational

categorical overextension

the child extends the meaning of a word within the same category

* a child calling all 4-legged animals, “doggy”

analogical overextension

the child extends the meaning of a word to similar objects

* a child referring to all round things as, “ball”

relational overextension

the child extends the meaning of a word to semantically related things

* a child refers to a watering can as, “flower” because mommy always uses it around flowers

fast mapping

a brief exposure to a novel word and its referent to form a lexical representation

early gesture intentions

* control
* representational
* tutorial
* social
* procedural
* expressive