biochem enzymes

a measure of the rate at which an enzyme converts substrate to products in a biochemical rxn

enzyme activity

which an enzyme exhibits maximum activity

optimum pH

Subclass of proteins. Chemical compounds, usually a protein, that acts as a catalyst (increase the rate of chemical reactions) for a biochemical reaction.

Enzymes

an enzyme that is composed only of a proteins (amino acid chains)

SIMPLE ENZYME

an enzyme that has a non-protein part in addition to a protein part.

CONJUGATED ENZYME

protein part

apoenzyme

non-protein part

cofactor

biochemically active conjugated enzyme produced from an apoenzyme

holoenzyme

small organic molecule that serves as a cofactor in a Conjugated Enzyme.

coenzyme

oxidation reduction reaction

OXIDOREDUCTASES

transfers AMINO GROUP

Transaminases

transfers PHOSPHATE GROUP

kinases

main function to remove particular compound from a substrate.

lyases

transports a specific substrate (does not remove or add) change of structure only.

isomerases

When proteins changes temp.

denaturation

the reactant in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. (sbstrate)

substrate concentration

enzymes that are responsible for regulating cellular processes.

Allosteric Enzymes

increases enzyme activity.

positive regulator

decrease in enzyme activity

negative regulator

inhibitor binds to the active site (enzyme) temporarily and alter the shape for the substrate to not be able to bind to the site.

allosteric inhibition

activator binds to the active site (enzyme) and alter the shape ALLOWING the substrate to bind.

allosteric activation

enzymes that catalyzes the breaking of peptide bonds that maintain the primary structure of proteins.

proteolytic enzymes

INACTIVE FORM of proteolytic enzyme;

zymogen

medications that block the action of ACE to convert angiotensinogen (inactive form) to angiotensin (active form).

enzyme inhibiting drugs

ACE

Angiotensin-converting enzyme

an octapeptide hormone that regulates blood pressure

angiotensin

a group of antibiotics that inhibit bacterial growth by acting as a competitive inhibitor to enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway that converts PABA into folic acid.

SULFANILAMIDE

an enzyme that catalyzes an oxidation-reduction reaction.

oxidoreductase

an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a functional group. from one molecule to another.

transferase

an enzyme that catalyzes a hydrolysis reaction in which the addition of a water molecule to a bond causes the bond to break.

hydrolase

an enzyme that catalyzes the addition of a group to a double bond or the removal of a group to form a double bond in a manner that does not involve hydrolysis or oxidation.

lyase

an enzyme that catalyzes the isomerization of a substrate in a reaction, converting it to a molecule that is isomeric with itself.

isomerase

an enzyme that catalyzes the bonding together of two molecules into one with the participation of ATP.

ligase

brownish reaction

phenolase