Geografi Tingkatan 1: Bab 12 Sumber Air

Fill-in-the-blank practice flashcards covering Form 1 Geography Chapter 12: Water Resources in Malaysia, including types of water sources, major rivers and lakes, hydrological processes, and causes of water crises.

Malaysia receives a high volume of rainfall throughout the year, averaging around __________ annually.

$2\,500$ to $3\,000\text{ mm}$

Surface water (air permukaan) is the main source of water in Malaysia, accounting for __________ of the nation's total water resources.

$$97\%$$

Groundwater (air bawah tanah) accounts for only __________ of Malaysia's total water supply.

$$3\%$$

The hydrological process where rainwater falls onto the land surface but does not absorb into the soil is called __________.

interception (intersepsi)

The hydrological process where surface water absorbs and seeps into the soil to form groundwater is called __________.

infiltration (infiltrasi)

There are approximately __________ main river basins in Malaysia that supply the nation's raw water.

$$150$$

The longest river in Peninsular Malaysia is __________.

Sungai Pahang

The second longest river in Malaysia is __________.

Sungai Kinabatangan

Both Sungai Kelantan and Sungai Muda in Kedah serve as vital water sources used to irrigate __________.

paddy fields (sawah padi)

The largest man-made lake in Malaysia is __________, located in Terengganu.

Tasik Kenyir

The largest natural freshwater lake in Malaysia is __________.

Tasik Bera (Tasik Berai)

Tasik Banding in Perak is commonly named after Pulau Banding, which is actually part of __________.

Tasik Temenggor

Along with Tasik Kenyir and Tasik Temenggor, another major man-made lake located in Perak is __________.

Tasik Chenderoh (Tasik Cendero)

Malaysia possesses approximately __________ of unexplored groundwater reserves.

$$5\,000\text{ million m}^3$$

A situation where there is a shortage of usable water resources for consumption by the population is known as a __________.

water crisis (krisis air)

In 2016, prolonged drought across Peninsular Malaysia that caused water levels in dams to reach critical levels was caused by the __________ weather phenomenon.

El Niño

Two specific dams that experienced severe water level depletion during the 2016 El Niño event were Empangan Tasik Merah and __________.

Empangan Timah Tasoh

A 2016 assessment by the Department of Environment (Jabatan Alam Sekitar) revealed that __________ out of 473 rivers in Malaysia were polluted.

$$229$$

The water crises affecting Selangor and Kuala Lumpur in 2020 were primarily triggered by __________.

chemical pollution (pencemaran kimia)

According to data from the Department of Statistics Malaysia (Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia), the estimated population of Malaysia in 2020 was __________.

$$32.7\text{ million}$$

Extensive logging in catchment areas triggers soil erosion during heavy downpours because there are no longer __________ to bind and anchor the soil.

tree roots