Muscles & Bones of Lower Limb: Ant. & Post. Thigh

Bones of the Hip joint

• Ilium

• Ischium

• Pubis

Ilium: Bones

• tubercule of iliac crest

• iliac crest

• anterior superior iliac spine

• anterior inferior iliac spine

• Ant. gluteal line

• Post. gluteal line

• inf. Gluteal line

• posterior superior iliac spine

• posterior inferior iliac spine

• greater sciatic notch

Ischium: Bones

• ischial body

• ischial spine

• ischial tuberosity

• ischial ramus

• lesser sciatic notch

Pubis: bones

• pubic crest

• pubic tubercle

• pubic arch

• pubic symphysis

• pubic body

• symphyseal surface

• superior pubic ramus

• inferior pubic ramus

Muscles of Hip: Flexors

• Iliacus

• Psoas Majoer

Muscles of Hip: Gluteals

• Gluteus Maximus

• Gluteal Medias

• Gluteal Minimus

• Tensor Fasciae Latae

Muscles of Hip: Lateral Rotators

• Piriformis

• Gemelli

• Obturator internus

• Obturator externus

• Quadratus femoris

Iliacus

large fan-shaped muscle on inside of the ilium

• Origin: iliac fossa (hip)

• Insertion: lesser trochanter (femur)

• Action: flexes & abducts hip & flexes trunk

• Innervation:

Psoas Major

long, thick muscle on posterior abdominal wall; forms a conjoined tendon w/ the ilia

• Origin: T1-L5

• Insertion: lesser trochanter (femur)

• Action: flexes & abducts hip & flexes trunk

• Innervation: ventral rami(L1-L3)

Gluteal Maximus

large quadrilateral muscle; forms shape of buttocks

• Origin: dorsal ilium, sacrum & coccyx (hip)

• Insertion: gluteal tuberosity (femur)

• Action: major extensor of thigh; powerful flexor for climbing stairs & running; laterally rotates & abducts

• Innervation: ventral rami(L1-L3)

Gluteal Medias

large muscle of outer surface of ilium

• Origin: lateral surface of ilum

• Insertion: greater trochanter (femur)

• Action: abducts & medially rotates thigh; steadies pelvis; important for walking

• Innervation: superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)

Gluteal Minimus

smallest & deepest gluteal muscle

• Origin: body of ilium

• Insertion: greater trochanter (femur)

• Action: extend & abduct the hip

• Innervation: ventral rami(L1-L3)

Tensor Fasciae Latae

small, quadrilateral muscle attached to the iliotibial tract

• Origin: iliac crest (anterior aspect)

• Insertion: iliotibial tract (femur)

• Action: steadies trunk on thigh by making iliotibial tract taut; flexes, abduct & medially rotates thigh

• Innervation: superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)

Piriformis

Gemelli

Obturator Internus

Obturator Externus

Quadratus Femoris

Muscles of the Thigh (Anterior)

• Vastus Lateralis

• Vastus Medialis

• Vastus Intermedius

• Rectus Femoris

• Sartorius

Muscles of the Thigh (Posterior)

• Biceps Femoris

• Semitendinosus

• Semimembranosus

Muscles of Thigh (Medial)

• Adductor Magnus

• Adductor Longus

• Adductor Brevis

• Gracialis

• Pectineus

Quadriceps

posses 4 separate heads the form the flesh of front & sides of thigh

• Composition: rectus femoris, vastus medias, lateralis, & intermedius

• Common Insertion point: patella & tibial tuberosity (via patellar ligament)

• Action: powerful leg extensor for climbing, walking, running & rising from seated position

• Innervation: femoral nerve

Vastus Lateralis

most lateral of quadriceps; largest head of group

• Origin: greater trochanter, intertrochanteric line & linea aspera

• Insertion: patella & tibial tuberosity

• Action: extend leg & stabilize knee

• Innervation: ventral rami(L1-L3)

Vastus Medialis

most medial of quadriceps

• Origin: linea aspera (femur)

• Insertion: patella & tibial tuberosity

• Action: extends leg; inferior fibers stabilize patella

• Innervation: femoral nerve

Vastus Intermedius

deepest of quadriceps

• Origin: T1-L5

• Insertion: patella & tibial tuberosity

• Action: extends knee

• Innervation: femoral nerve

Rectus Femoris

most anterior of quadriceps & arises from two tendinous heads

• Origin:

  • long head: anterior inferior iliac spine (hip bone)

  • oblique head: acetabulum

• Insertion: patella & tibial tuberosity

• Action: extend leg & flex thigh

• Innervation: femoral nerve

Sartorius

longest muscle of body, travels obliquely across the front of thigh; cross hip & knee joint

• Origin: anterior superior iliac spine

• Insertion: tibia

• Action: flexes, abducts & laterally rotates thigh; flexes leg (weak); helps produce cross-legged position

• Innervation: femoral nerve