Sports Energy Sytems

Unit 1 Revision Energy syetems

Define ATP

ATP is the body’s immediate source of energy, which is broken down to release energy needed for muscle contraction and movement during physical activity.

What are the three main parts of ATP?

Adenosine

Triphosphate

Phosphate bond

Which enzymes breaks down ATP?

ATPase

How is energy released from ATP? What is the process of ATP hydrolysis?

1. ATP contains three phosphate groups.

2. The enzyme ATPase breaks the bond to the last phosphate group.

3. One phosphate group is removed.

4. Energy is released to power muscle contraction.

5. ATP becomes ADP which now contains 2 phosphate groups.

What is ATP made up of?

One adenosine base attached to three phosphate molecules with high energy bonds holding the phosphate together

How long does ATP last for?

ATP lasts for around 2-3 seconds because its a limited supply of energy

Why does the body need ATP?

Muscle Contraction

Muscle relaxation

Active transport

Nerve impulses

Cellular processes

How is ATP resynthesised?

The body has a limited supply of stored ATP, so it must constantly be regenerated.

ATP is resynthesised by adding a phosphate group back onto ADP.

= ADP+ Pi + Energy - ATP

What are sporting examples that require ATP?

Football

100m sprint

Marathon

What are the main energy systems responsible for resynthesising ATP? So that the muscles have energy to contract and produce movement during exercise

ATP- Pc system/ phosphocreatine (PC)

Anaerobic glycolysis system

What are the characteristics of the ATP- PC system?

Fastest way of resynthesising ATP

Uses stored phosphocreatine

Does not require oxygen

Dominant during short, explosive exercises

Example- 100m sprint

What are the characteristics of the Anaerobic glycolysis system?

Breaks down glucose without oxygen

Resynthesises ATP quickly

Produces lactate

Dominant during high intensity exercise lasting longer than immediate ATP- PC contribution

Example- 400m sprint