embellishing tones, texture, phrase relationships

monophony

1 melodic line, unaccompanied. single or multiple performers performing the same melody

homophony

several voices are present but a single voice is featured melodically, other provide accompaniment

melody w accompaniment or chordal homophony (SATB)

polyphany

multiple melodies or relatively equal importance occuring simultaneously

cannons

imitative polyphany

musical lines sound similar, doesn’t have to be a canon just has to sound similarnon

nonimitative polyphany

equally melodic but not similarh

heterophony

1 melody but multiple, varied performances are occuring simultaneously (this is rare)

alberti bass

keyboard accompaniment where chord dones are arpegiated rather than played at the same time, often in the low-high-medium-high pattern. common in classical keuboard works

walking bass

bass line of mostly quarter notes that establish the harmonic and rhythmic foundation of a jazz ensemble

ostinato

stubbornly repeating melody or rhythm

polyphonic texture devices

imitation of a musical idea hat we’ve recently heard in a different voice. imitation can be at the same level of pitch or transposed, as long as the melody remains

doubling

melody is simultaneously duplicated in another part

solo

a single performer is featureed

soli

single secion of instruments or voices is featured

tutti

full ensemble is playing or singing

phrase

complete musical idea that ends with a cadence. most music has more than 1 phrase

period

2 phrases with an antecedent-consequent relationship

parallel period

aa’

antecedent consequent beginning with a similar musical material

contrasting period

ab

antecedent and consequent beginning with different musical materialr

repeated phrases

aa

doesn’t include a different cadence and an antecvedent consequent relationship

passing tone

p

approached by step

left by step in same direction

neighboring tone

n

approached by step

left by step in the same direction

suspension

s

put the numbers

approached by same tone

left by step down

upward resolving suspension

r

approached by same tone

left by step up

appoggiatura

app

approached by leap

left by step

escape tone

e

approached by step

left by leap in an opposite direction

neighbor group

n gr

main note moves by step to upper neighbor, leaps to lower neighbor, resolves back to original note

anticipation

ant

approached by step or leap

left by same tone or leap

pedal point

sustained or repeated note, typically in the bass, that holds constant while harmonies and chords change above.