Male and Female Repro Ailments

What is paraphimosis?

Inability to retract the penis into the prepuce - emergency

What is Phimosis

inability to retract foreskin over the glans (cant push penis out)

What is priapism?

prolonged erection

How is paraphimosis tx?

Hypertonic solution bandage to reduce edema

-will likely need to be sedated due to pain

- Purse-string may be needed

What breeds are BPH most common in?

Rhodesians - intact males by the age of 5y

What causes BPH?

hyperplasia of the prostate gland due to DHT stimulation

What is the primary treatment for BPH?

Finasteride - stops conversion of testosterone to DHT

Because BPH can lead to prostatitis, what antibiotics are typically recommended?

Enro/ciprofloxacin

How might you tell the difference between prostatitis and BPH on a rectal exam?

BPH is usually not painful

Identify the tumor?

TVT

What is tx for a TVT?

Vincristine

Sx

Radiation

What viruses are most likely to affect a male canine's genitals?

Herpes/ k9 papilloma virus - self limiting

What is treatment for testicular tumors like sertoli cell tmors or ledig cell tumors?

Neuter

How should you go about dx cryptorchidism?

Palpate inguinal area

AMH testign b/4 exploritory sx

What might you see on a cryptorchid prepuce cytology of a cryptorchid dog?

Cornified cell - estrogen exposure

Which fraction of canine ejaculation can be sent for culture?

Third fraction - prostatic portion

You should have greater than ___% motility of sperm and ___% normal morphoogy?

80

70

Signs of vaginitis will often mimic what?

UTI - Scooting, licking, perivulvar dermatitis

What are tx for vaginitis?

ABX

Derm wipes

Probitoics

Anti-inflammitories

What might you suggest for a puppy vaginitis in a puppy that was spayed to early?

Estrogen supplement -> helps development and natural flora

What might cause a recurrence of Vaginitis?

UTI's

Abnormal anatomy -> hooded vulva/ ectopic ureters

Which two estrogen supplements are recommended for vaginitis?

Diethylstilbesterol

Incurin

What are surgical treatments for vagitits?

Episioplasty

Resection

Vaginectomy

What should a cytology of a spayed female look like?

Low cellularity and debris

Non-cornifed

What are clinical signs of Ovarian Remnant syndrome?

Vulva swelling

Discharge

Interest from males

Behavior changes

What are dx for ORS?

Vag cytology

ORS panel (AMH and P4)

What are Tx for ORS?

Exploratory laparotomy - should be done when showing signs of heat, so easier to find

LH should always be ____ in a spayed female?

High - no negative feedback to turn off

What is the main mechanisim responsible for Pyometra?

Cystic endometrial hyperplasia w/ consistent estrogen and progesterone influence

What is tx for a pyometra?

Spay

If an owner is unable to spay for a pyometra what medical tx can be done?

ABX - enro/ciprofloxacin

Prostaglandins - use with caution - could rupture

Aglepristone - opens up cervix to allow drainage

What is the most common vaginal mass?

Leiomyoma - benign

What are common clinical signs of mastitis?

Pain

Heat

Swelling

Discharge

Fever

What are tx for Mastitis?

ABX

NSAIDs

Warm compress/ cabbage

Drain - prevent rupture

What is post-whelping hypocalcemia?

Decrease in Ca in body due to lactation and uterine contractions from birth

What breeds are most susceptible to post-whelping hypocalcemia

Small breed dogs

Maiden bitches

What are clinical signs of post-whelping hypocalcemia?

Anxiety,

Restless

Decreased interest in puppies

Tremors/ seizures

What is tx for post-whelping hypocalcemia?

Supplement Ca

Pos searly weaning

What are possible tx for Agalactia in canines?

Dopamine agonists -> Metaclopramide/ Domperidone

Puppies should nurse

How much weight should a puppy gain in the first two weeks of life?

10% increase per day

What usually causes a vaginal prolapse?

Proliferation of vaginal tissue and swelling from estrogenic stimulation - usually due to heat

What is tx for vaginal prolapse?

Lubricating and cleaning

Spay

Ensure urethra is patent

Mammary carcinomas are ususally ____% malignant and are common in _____?

50%

Older intact

When should you spay or neuter a large breed dog? Small breed?

1.5-3y

After 1st heat cycle

What drug is most commonly used to suppress estrus?

GnRH agonist implants

Progestin -> megestrol acetate

What are AE of megestrol acetate?

DM

Mammary tumors

Pyo