ATI Teas Test Science Terms & Definitions Study Set

Which of the following terms is used to describe the amount of air in a normal inhalation or exhalation?

a.) Perfusion

b.) Tidal Volume

c.) Ventilation

d.) Residual Volume

Tidal volume

Which of the following blood vessels carries deoxygenated blood from the heart of the lungs?

a.) Pulmonary vein

b.) Pulmonary artery

c.) Aorta

d.) Vena Cava

Pulmonary Artery

In which of the following actions is the autonomic nervous system engaged?

a.) Lifting Weights

b.) Holding your breath

c.) Walking

d.) Digestion

Digestion

During inhalation, where would you expect to find a higher concentration of Oxygen?

a.) In the capillaries

b.) In the alveolar air space

c.) In the pulmonary artery

d.) In the heart

In the alveolar air space

Where does blood flow next after being oxygenated in the lungs?

a.) Pulmonary artery

b.) Pulmonary vein

c.) Inferior vena cava

d.) Aorta

Pulmonary vein

Which of the following is the name of the structure that releases an enzyme that breaks down starch in the mouth?

a.) Salivary gland

b.) Pancreas

c.) Liver

d.) Gallbladder

Salivary gland

Which type of tissue would you find in the heart?

a.) Skeletal muscles

b.) Non-straited muscle

c.) Smooth muscles

d.) Cardiac muscles

Cardiac muscles

According to the graph, which of the following identifies when fertilization is most likely?

a.) between day 0 and 7

b.) After luteinizing hormone (LH) levels peak and begin to decline

c.) Before ovulation

d.) When estrogen levels are highest

After luteinizing hormone (LH) levels peak and begin to decline

What is the name for the hormone responsible for male secondary sex characteristics?

a.) Luteinizing hormone

b.) Estrogen

c.) Testosterone

d.) Follicle-stimulating hormone

Testosterone

Which of the following would result from a decrease in body temperature?

a.) Blood vessels near the surface of the body would dilate

b.) Blood vessels near the surface of the body would constrict

c.) Sebaceous glands would excrete water

d.) Checks would become more flushed

Blood vessels near the surface of the body would constrict

Which of the following is where melanocytes are found?

a.) Epidermis

b.) Dermis

c.) Hypodermis

d.) Sebaceous glands

Epidermis

Which of the following is an immediate result of the adrenal gland releasing epinephrine into the blood?

a.) Weight gain

b.) Increased muscle growth

c.) Breakdown of glycogen

d.) Increase in heart rate

Increase in heart rate

Which of the following structures releases insulin and glucagon?

a.) Adrenal

b.) Hypothalamus

c.) Pancreas

d.) Pituitary

Pancreas

Which of the following substances is the fluid that contains urea, water, and salts that is released through the urethra?

a.) Urine

b.) Filtrate

c.) Blood

d.) Nephron

Urine

Which of the following is a nonspecific barrier of the immune system?

a.) Muscus

b.) Antibodies

c.) Interferons

d.) B cells

Mucus

Which of the following diseases is caused by a virus that infects T cells?

a.) Allergies

b.) Asthma

c.) Autoimmune

d.) Acquired immune deficency

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Which of the following functions is an example of how the skeletal and neuromuscular system work together?

Body movement

Which is the order of anatomical subregions in the anterior view of the upper limb?

Phalanges

Carpal

Brachium

Antebrachium

Antecubital

1.) Brachium

2.) Antecubital

3.) Antebrachium

4.) Carpal

5.) Phalanges

Which of the following is classified as a carbohydrate?

a.) DNA

b.) Endorphin

c.) Glycogen

d.) Amylase

Glycogen

Which of the following best describes the relationship between a chromosome and a gene?

a.) Each gene forms its own chromosome

b.) Each chromosome contains a single gene

c.) Each gene contains a specific number of chromosomes

d.) Each chromosome contains a specific number of genes

Each chromosome contains a specific number of genes

A purple-flowered pea plant and a white-flowered pea plant were crossed. The allele for purple flowers is dominant, and the allele for white flowers is recessive. Of 1,000 offspring, 498 were purple-flowered pea plants, and 502 were white-flowered peas plants. Based on these results, which of the following can be concluded about the parent plants?

a.) The white-flowered pea plant is homozygous dominant.

b.) The white-flowered pea plant is heterozygous

c.) The purple-flowered pea plant is heterozygous

d.) The purple-flowered pea plant is homozygous dominant

The purple-flowered pea plant is heterozygous

Which of the following cell structures contain cristae?

a.) DNA

b.) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

c.) Mitochondra

d.) Peroxisomes

Peroxisomes

Which of the following describes the function of the plasma membrane?

a.) It provides energy to the cell

b.) It helps to synthesize proteins

c.) It maintains the cell's internal environment

d.) It produces adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for cells

It maintains the cell's internal environment

Thymine is replaced by which of the following nitrogen bases in RNA?

a.) Ribose

b.) Uracil

c.) Guanine

d.) Cytosine

Uracil

Which of the following are possible allele combinations for a child's blood type, if both parents have type A blood? (all that applies)

IA, IA

IA, i

IB, IB

IA, IB

i, i

IA, IA

IA, i

i, i

Which of the following types of microscopes uses something other than light to form a specimen image?

a.) Bright-field

b.) Dark-field

c.) Fluorescence

d.) Electron

Electron

Which of the following microscopic organisms are decomposers and the cause of many skin diseases?

a.) Protozoans

b.) Bacteria

c.) Fungi

d.) Viruses

Fungi

Which of the following statements describes the subatomic particles that make up an atom?

a.) Protons and electrons are about the same size and are found in the nucleus

b.) Protons and neutrons have about the same mass and can be found in the nucleus

c.) Electrons are found in the nucleus and make up most of the mass of an atom

d.) Protons are the only particles with mass and can be found in the nucleus

Protons and neutrons have about the same mass and can be found in the nucleus

A substance in a solid state is put on a hot plate with a thermometer. Every minute, the temperature of the substance is recorded. According the graph, what is happening to the substance?

a.) As heat is added, the substance is becoming more and more dense

b.) As heat is added, the particles holding the substance together are becoming stronger

c.) As heat is added, the forces holding the particles together are breaking, changing the state

d.) As heat is added, the substance is maintaining room temperature by absorbing the energy.

As heat is added, the forces holding the particles together are breaking, changing the state

Which of the following is an example of an ionic compound?

a.) NaCl

b.) CO

c.) C6H12O6

d.) H2O

NaCl

The diagram shows two substances contained in equal size containers. Which of the following statements best explains the density of the substances?

a.) Both substances have equal densities because they have equal volumes

b.) The first substance is less dense because it has more volume and less mass

c.) The first substance is less dense because it has less mass in the amount of volume

d.) The first substance is denser because it has less mass in the same amount of space

The first substance is less dense because it has less mass in the amount of volume

3CaCl2 + 2Na3PO4 --> Ca3 (PO4)2 + 6NaCl

The coefficients in the chemical rection equation above show the quantities of the substances in the reaction. Which of the following units are assumed to represent the quantities?

a.) Moles

b.) Grams

c.) Atoms

d.) Molecules

Moles

A cup of tea with a volume of 200 mL contains 0.02 mol sucrose. What is the molar concentration of sucrose? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)

0.01

Molarity is calculated by dividing the moles of solute by the total liters of solution.

Molarity (M) = moles of solute/ liters of solution

M= 0.02 mol / (200 mL / 1000)

+ 3H2 --> 2NH3

Which of the following will increase the rate of the exothermic reaction shown above?

a.) Decreasing the pressure

b.) Increasing the temperature

c.) Adding a catalyst

d.) Adding ammonia (NH3)

Adding a catalyst

CH3COOH + H2O

Which of the following is true about the above reaction of acetic acid (CH3COOH) and water?

a.) This is a strong acid dissociation

b.) The reaction is an acid-base neutralization reaction

c.) H2O is acting as Bronsted-Lowry acid

d.) H2O is acting as Bronsted-Lowry base

H2O is acting as Bronsted-Lowry base

Which of the following is the purpose of using control groups in an investigation?

a.) To establish a standard for data comparison

b.) To provide the correct answer to an investigation

c.) To determine the dependent variables

d.) To function as a third variable group

To establish a standard for data comparison

Which of the following instruments would most accurately measure 0.1 mL of a liquid?

a.) A 50-mL beaker

b.) A micropipette

c.) A graduated cylinder

d.) An Erlenmeyer flask

A micropipette

Joseph and Demarius conducted an experiment on the activity of an enzyme. They tested whether the enzyme activity changed at different temperatures from 10 degrees to 60 degrees Celsius. Based on the graph, which of the following best describes the relationship between enzyme activity and temperature?

a.) Enzyme activity is greatest at temperatures below 30 degrees Celsius

b.) Enzyme activity decreases between 20 degrees and 30 degrees Celsius

c.) Enzyme activity is unaffected by temperature changes

d.) Enzyme activity is greatest at 40 degrees Celsius

Enzyme activity is greatest at 40 degrees Celsius

What tool and unit would be used to find the volume of a brick?

a.) Ruler and cm3

b.) Ruler and m3

c.) Balance and g

d.) Graduated cylinder and mL

Ruler and cm3

An experiment is conducted to test the effects of caffeine on heart rate. Four trials are set up. In each trail, a daphnia, a small water organism, is given different amounts of caffeine. After 5 minutes, the number of heart beats are counted for 1 minute. The results are shown in the table.

Which of the following explanations states a logical cause and effect of caffeine on the heart beats of daphnia?

a.) Daphnia need caffeine to pump blood throughout their body

b.) Caffeine causes daphnia to lower their heart rates over time

c.) Caffeine does not affect daphnia's heart rate

d.) Daphnia given too much caffeine may die

Daphnia given too much caffeine may die

Based on the data, daphnia that are given too much caffeine may die. Which of the following experimental practices would strengthen the conclusion made about daphnia and caffeine?

a.) The experimenter should test the experiment with other substances besides caffeine

b.) The experimenter should test the experiment using different organisms

c.) The experimenter should test each condition more than once

d.) The experimenter should collect data after 10 minutes instead of 5 minutes

The experimenter should test each condition more than once

Which of the following is the dependent variable in this experiment?

a.) Length of time measuring heart beats

b.) Amount of caffeine

c.) Number of heart beats

d.) The number of heart beats is the observed condition that is responding to the amount of caffeine given to the daphnia

Number of heart beats

Which of the following hypotheses is supported by the data?

a.) All organisms increase their heart beats when given caffeine

b.) Organisms decrease their heart beats when exposed to caffeine

c.) When given caffeine, daphnia increase their heart rate

d.) When given caffeine, daphnia decrease their heart rate

When given caffeine, daphnia increase their heart rate

Which of the following best explains the maintenance of a nearly constant average temperature on the surface of the Earth?

a.) The amounts of solar energy absorbed and radiant energy emitted by the Earth exist in equilibrium

b.) Photosynthesis in plants and other organisms consumes the majority of incoming solar radiation

c.) Energy emitted by nuclear reactions in the Earth's crust exceeds energy loss by radiation from the Earth

d.) The Sun provides a continuous source of radiant energy entering the Earth's system at a constant rate

The amounts of solar energy absorbed and radiant energy emitted by the Earth exist in equilibrium