Anatomy - Unit 8 (Skeletal and Arthrology)

joints are classified in __ ways

2

2 joint classifications

structural and functional classification

structural classification

based on the tissues binding the bones together

functional classification

based on the movement of bones making up the joint

fibrous joints

lack a joint cavity, held together by fibrous connective tissue (ligaments for example)

three types of fibrous joints

syndesmosis, skull suture, and gomphosis

cartilaginous joints

lack a joint cavity, held together by cartilage connective tissue

two examples of cartilaginous joints

symphyes and synchondroses

synovial joints

freely moving joints contained within a joint cavity

diarthrodial joints

freely moving joints

diarthrodial joint examples

all extremity joints except 1 (distal tibiofibular joint)

amphiarthrodial joints

joints that allow for expansion and contraction but not free movement, slightly moveable

amphiarthrodial joint examples

intervertebral disc joints and symphysis pubis

synarthrodial joints

completely fused, non moving joints

synarthrodial joints examples

skull sutures and fused epiphyseal plates

diarthrodial joints have __ movement types

7

hinge joint

flexion and extension only

hinge joint examples

elbow and interphalangeal joints

bicondylar joint

same movement as hinge but constructed differently, flexion and extension only

bicondylar joint example

knee, TMJ

condyloid joint

flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction

condyloid examples

wrist and metacarpophalangeal (2nd to 5th) joints

ball and socket joint

formed by a round head fitting into a fossa

ball and socket joint examples

hip and shoulder joint

pivot joint

rotation within a ring; 1 bone rotates around another bone

pivot joint examples

c1-2 joint and proximal/distal radioulnar joints

gliding joint

two or more bones that glide across each other within a limited range

saddle joint

special movements associated with thumb. Flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction, and circumduction (rotation)

saddle joint examples

1st carpometacarpal joint (thumb)

structural components of synovial joints

fibrous capsule, synovial fluid, synovial membrane, bursa, articular cartilage, and meniscus

fibrous capsule

tough, fibrous tissue that surrounds/encapsulates the joint

synovial membrane

inner lining of the joint capsule that secretes synovial fluid

synovial fluid

lubricating fluid within the synovial capsule, produced by the synovial membrane

bursa

sacs of synovial fluid where tendons or ligaments rub against bone

articular cartilage

hyaline cartilage that covers the articular surfaces of bones, cushions the bones at joints

meniscus

crescent shaped cartilage that locks the femur and tibia knee joint

ligaments

fibrous connective tissue that binds bones together and allow for joint movement

tendons

fibrous connective tissue that binds muscles to bones