History: Reform and War

Gilded Age Ideas

Social Darwinism, Calvinist Legacies, and Constitutional Conservatism

Ideology of Discontent (Progressives)

Reform Darwinism, Social Gospel, and Legal Pragmatism

Who attacked the Gilded Age’s prevailing philosophy of Social Darwinism?

Herbert Spencer and William Graham Sumner

Reform Darwinism

Lester Frank Ward

Calvinist Ideas

Wealth as a sign of God’s blessing

Who preached the sermon “Acres of Diamonds”?

Russel Cornwell

Social Gospel

Christians should help people - Walter Rauschenbusch

Conservative Federal Courts of the Gilded Age

liberty of contract(work) and read constitution very strictly

Legal Pragmatism

constitution should be interpreted under the context of the time

Muller vs. Oregon

limits workday for women

Muckrakers

Investigative Journalists

Ida Tarbell

Standard Oil monopoly

Upton Sinclair

meat processing

Lincoln Steffens

Urban corruption

Triangle Shirtwaist Tradedy leads to the creation of

NY State Factory Investigative Commission

Hull House

Jane Addams

Conservationist Ideology

need to preserve resources - Gifford Pinchot

Preservationist Ideology

Oppose use of resources, intrinsic value of nature - John Muir

Amendment 16

Federal Income Tax

Amendment 17

direct election of U.S. senators

Amendment 18

prohibits alchohol

Amendment 19

woman’s right to vote

Progressive Presidents

Theodore Roosevelt, William H. Taft, and Woodrow Wilson

Federal Reserve Act

centralized American Financial system

Federal Trade Commission

give federal authority to investigate corporate activities

Clayton Anti-Trust Act

outlaw monopolistic practices, give fed gov more power in investigating monopolies, and exempt labor unions from being considered monopolistic practices

Workman’s Compensation Law

provide unemployment insurance for injured federal workers

Keating-Owen Act

Outlaw child labor for companies that have interstate commerce

Federal Highway Act

set aside fed money for the building of highways

Wobblies

racial labor union - utopian society for workers

Causes of WWI

growth of nationalism, imperial agendas, and militarism

What started the War’s outbreak

Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and entangled alliances

Schlieffen Plan

Germany invaded Belgium to take out France in order to focus on Russia - ended up being bogged down in France

Lusitania

U.S. outrage and German reparation, attacks continued, Germany promised no more attacks

U.S. Preparation

Navel Construction Act and National Defense Act

Zimmerman Telegraph

secret telegraph from German to Mexican gov, proposed alliance, popular opinion toward was in U.S.

Laconia

leads to U.S. declaration of war

Battlefield

trench warfare, chemical warfare, artillery (shell shock)

“Liberty Bonds”

American ppl give loans to gov - pays vast majority of War

Committee of Public Information

employ men to give four minute speech

Gov trying to stamp out disloyalty and radicalism

Espionage Act, Trading with Enemy Act, Alien Act, Sedition Act

National Civil Liberties Union

says gov is infringing upon constitutional rights