PHARMA MT 1 & 2

PATIENT IDENTITY, MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS, BASELINE VITAL SIGNS, LABORATORY DATA, RENAL FUNCTIONS, HEPATIC FUNCTIONS, AGE, WEIGHT, CURRENT MEDICATION

Before giving the medication, we must assess these first:

DRUG HISTORY

We need to obtain this in full details such as: Medication Name, When did you start / stop taking it, Dosage, Route & Frequency, Purpose, Adherence, Effectiveness & Side Effects

DRUG RECONCILIATION 1

WHO defines medication reconciliation as a formal process for ensuring accurate and complete medication information is transferred across transitions of care.

DRUG RECONCILIATION 2

Compare what the patient WAS taking with what the patient IS NOW ordered to take.

ADVERSE EFFECT

The drug is doing something unwanted.

ALLERGIC EFFECT

The immune system is attacking because it thinks the drug is a threat.

ADHERENCE

Nurses must need to assess whether the patient actually takes the medication as prescribed.

DRUG TO DRUG INTERACTION

happens when one medication changes how another medication works in your body

FOOD-DRUG & HERBAL INTERACTION

occur when foods, beverages, or botanical supplements alter the absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion of prescription or over-the-counter medications.

PLANNING

translating nursing diagnoses into measurable, person-centered goals/outcomes and selecting appropriate nursing actions.

DRUG KNOWLEDGE, PATIENT ASSESSMENT, CLINICAL REASONING, SAFE ADMINISTRATION, MONITORING, PATIENT EDUCATION, EVALUATION

SAFE PHARMACOLOGIC NURSING:

MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION

the process by which a medication is prepared, verified, and delivered to a patient through an appropriate route.

MEDICATION ORDER

an authorized instruction from an appropriately licensed prescriber specifying the medication to be administered to a patient and the conditions under which it should be administered.

RIGHT PATIENT, RIGHT MEDICATION, RIGHT DOSE, RIGHT ROUTE, RIGHT TIME, RIGHT DOCUMENTATION, RIGHT REASON, RIGHT RESPONSE, RIGHT TO REFUSE, RIGHT EDUCATION

10 Rights in administering Medication:

ROUTINE ORDERS, SINGLE ORDER, STAT ORDER, PRN ORDER, TITRATION ORDER

TYPES OF MEDICATION ORDERS:

ROUTINE ORDER

A medication administered according to a prescribed schedule.

SINGLE ORDER

Medication is administered one time.

STAT ORDER

A medication that should be administered immediately because of an urgent clinical situation.

PRN ORDER

The patient must meet specified conditions before administration.

TITRATION ORDER

The process of adjusting a medication dose gradually, usually upward or downward, according to the patient's clinical response, laboratory values, or a specified therapeutic target.

STARTING DOSE

The initial amount administered.

ADJUSTMENT INCREMENT

How much the dose can be increased or decreased.

ADJUSTMENT INTERVAL

How often the dose may be changed.

TAPERING

is gradually decreasing a medication to avoid withdrawal, rebound effects, or physiological complications.

LOADING DOSE

a larger initial dose of a medication given to rapidly achieve the desired therapeutic drug concentration in the body.

MEDICATION SAFETY ERRORS

A preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or patient harm while the medication is in the control of the healthcare professional, patient, or consumer.

1000 GRAMS

1 kg to g=

1000 MG

1 G TO MG=

1000 MCG

1 MG TO MCG=

2.2 LBS

1 KG TO LBS=

LB / 2.2

LB TO KG=

KG X 2.2

KG TO LB=

15 DROPS

1 ML TO DROPS (IV FLUID)

5 ML

1 TEASPOON TO ML=

15 ML

1 TABLESPOON TO ML=

30 ML

1 FLUID OUNCE TO ML=

DO / OH X Q

FORMULA FOR TABLET/CAPSULE/LIQUID:

10 X KG

FORMULA FOR MINIMUM SAFE PEDIATRIC DOSE:

15 X KG

FORMULA FOR MAXIMUM SAFE PEDIATRIC DOSE:

RECONSTITUTION

Some medications are supplied as powders and must be mixed with a specified diluent before administration.

DILUENT

is a sterile liquid added to a powdered medication to make it into a solution or suspension that can be administered.

ML X GTT / TIME

IV FLOW RATE FORMULA:

GTT X TIME / ML

DROP FACTOR FORMULA: