DRRM Notes 5

Republic Act No. 10121

Institutionalizes a holistic, proactive, and community-based approach to disaster risk reduction and management in the Philippines.

Holistic, proactive, and community-based approach

Approach to disaster risk reduction and management institutionalized by the DRRM Act of 2010.

Prevention and mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery and rehabilitation

Comprehensive approach emphasized instead of a primarily reactive approach to disasters

1. National government agencies

2. local government units (LGUs

3. communities

4. civil society organizations

5. the private sector

6. individuals

Participants whose coordination is required for effective disaster risk reduction and management

1. Disaster Prevention and Mitigation

2. Disaster Preparedness

3. Disaster Response

4. Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery

Four interrelated thematic areas of the DRRM Cycle

Disaster Prevention and Mitigation

The first and most proactive component of the Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM) approach.

Disaster Prevention and Mitigation

Focuses on avoiding the creation of new risks and reducing existing disaster risks by addressing hazards, exposure, and vulnerability before disasters occur.

Holistic, comprehensive, integrated, and proactive approach

Approach promoted to reduce the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of disasters.

Protect lives, property, infrastructure, livelihoods, and the environment

Goal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation

1. Development planning

2. land-use planning

3. infrastructure development

4. building and safety standards

5. environmental management

Areas where disaster risk reduction and climate change considerations are integrated

Hazard-resistant construction

Designing and constructing buildings and infrastructure to withstand identified hazards.

Engineering works

Constructing flood-control structures, drainage systems, retaining walls, and slope protection.

Environmental management

Protecting watersheds, mangroves, forests, and other natural protective systems.

Land-use management

Restricting development in flood-, landslide-, fault-, and other hazard-prone areas.

Public awareness

Conducting information and education campaigns on disaster risks and safety measures.

Building and safety standards

Enforcing applicable building, structural, fire, and safety requirements.

Risk assessment

Conducting hazard, vulnerability, exposure, and risk assessments before infrastructure development.

1. Hazard-resistant construction

2. Engineering works

3. Environmental management

4. Land-use management

5. Public awareness

6. Building and safety standards

7. Risk assessment

Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Activities

Disaster Preparedness

Refers to the knowledge, capacities, systems, and pre-disaster actions developed by governments, organizations, communities, and individuals to effectively anticipate, respond to, and recover from the impacts of likely, imminent, or current hazard events.

Disaster Preparedness

Aims to strengthen the capacities of government agencies, local government units (LGUs), communities, organizations, and individuals to manage emergencies and disasters effectively.

Sound disaster risk analysis and effective linkages with early warning systems

Basis of Disaster Preparedness

Contingency Planning

Preparing specific plans for earthquakes, typhoons, floods, landslides, and other hazards.

Early Warning Systems

Receiving, interpreting, and disseminating warnings from PAGASA, PHIVOLCS, and other authorized agencies.

Evacuation Planning

Identifying evacuation routes, assembly areas, evacuation centers, and procedures.

Emergency and Evacuation Drills

Conducting earthquake, fire, flood, and other emergency drills.

Training of Responders

Training DRRM personnel, volunteers, school personnel, and community responders.

Emergency Supplies

Preparing food, water, medicines, first-aid kits, rescue equipment, and communication equipment.

Emergency Communication

Establishing primary and backup communication systems.

Identification of Vulnerable Groups

Identifying children, older persons, PWDs, pregnant women, and other groups requiring assistance.

Emergency Resource Inventory

Maintaining an updated inventory of personnel, vehicles, equipment, facilities, and other resources.

DRRM Plan Review

Regularly reviewing and updating contingency, evacuation, and emergency response plans.

1. Contingency Planning

2. Early Warning Systems

3. Evacuation Planning

4. Emergency and Evacuation Drills

5. Training of Responders

6. Emergency Supplies

7. Emergency Communication

8. Identification of Vulnerable Groups

9. Emergency Resource Inventory

10. DRRM Plan Review

Disaster Preparedness Activities

1. PAGASA

2. PHIVOLCS

3. other authorized agencies

Sources of warnings received, interpreted, and disseminated through Early Warning Systems

Disaster Response

Refers to the provision of emergency services and public assistance during or immediately after a disaster to save lives, reduce health impacts, ensure public safety, and meet the basic subsistence needs of affected people.

Immediate, short-term needs

Primary focus during the response phase under RA 10121

Disaster relief

Another term sometimes used for immediate and short-term response.

Response Phase

Involves the implementation of preparedness plans, procedures, and response systems developed before a disaster.

Rapid and coordinated action

Required to protect lives, provide essential assistance, and restore essential public activities and facilities.

Concerted effort involving two or more agencies, whether public or private

Description of coordinated assistance or intervention during or immediately after a disaster

Life-preservation and basic subsistence needs

Needs that must be met during coordinated disaster assistance

Search and rescue

Rescuing people trapped in collapsed buildings or flooded areas.

Evacuation

Moving residents from dangerous areas to designated evacuation centers.

Emergency medical assistance

Providing first aid, medical treatment, and emergency health services.

Relief assistance

Distributing food, water, medicines, hygiene kits, and other essential supplies.

Emergency shelter

Providing temporary shelter for displaced families.

Emergency infrastructure assessment

Rapidly assessing damaged buildings, bridges, roads, and other critical facilities.

Restoration of essential services

Restoring water, electricity, communication, and access roads where possible.

Debris clearing

Removing debris from roads and other critical access routes.

Public information

Providing verified information, warnings, instructions, and updates to affected communities.

1. Search and rescue

2. Evacuation

3. Emergency medical assistance

4. Relief assistance

5. Emergency shelter

6. Emergency infrastructure assessment

7. Restoration of essential services

8. Debris clearing

9. Public information

Response Activities

Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery

Focuses on restoring and improving the facilities, livelihoods, and living conditions of communities affected by disasters while reducing disaster risk factors and vulnerability to future hazards.

Rehabilitation

Includes rebuilding livelihoods and damaged infrastructure and increasing the organizational capacity of affected communities.

Post-disaster recovery

Includes the restoration and, where appropriate, improvement of facilities, livelihoods, and living conditions.

Build Back Better

Principle followed in the restoration and improvement of facilities, livelihoods, and living conditions after disasters.

Infrastructure Rehabilitation

Repairing and reconstructing damaged roads, bridges, schools, hospitals, water systems, and other critical facilities using safer and more resilient designs.

Housing Rehabilitation

Rebuilding damaged houses in safer locations or using hazard-resistant construction.

Livelihood recovery

Assisting farmers, fisherfolk, workers, and small businesses to restore their sources of income.

Restoration of essential services

Restoring water supply, electricity, communication, health, education, and sanitation services.

Environmental rehabilitation

Restoring damaged watersheds, mangroves, drainage systems, and other environmental resources.

Risk reduction and improvement

Improving drainage, flood-control structures, slope protection, building safety, and other measures identified after the disaster.

Community recovery and capacity building

Supporting affected communities in returning to normal activities and strengthening their capacity to cope with future hazards.

1. Infrastructure Rehabilitation

2. Housing Rehabilitation

3. Livelihood recovery

4. Restoration of essential services

5. Environmental rehabilitation

6. Risk reduction and improvement

7. Community recovery and capacity building

Rehabilitation and Recovery Activities