chapter 9 language development (exam 2)

5 basic components of language

• phonology

• morphology

• syntax

• semantics

• pragmatics

language

• communication that is based on system of abstract symbols with specific conventions (aka rules)

phonology

knowledge of sounds

morphology

• rules for combining morphemes into words

  • (morphing them together)

morphemes

• smallest unit of language that has meaning

syntax

• rules for combining words to form sentences

  • develops through childhood

  • different for different languages

pragmatics

• how to use language to communicate effectively

Language development 2-3 months

cooing (ooh/ ahh)

Language development (0-2 months)

crying

Language development (6 months)

babblining (incoherent sounds)

• doesn’t matter context/ what language yet

Language development (6-12 months)

• language-specific learning

  • pathways start to become pruned

Language development (6-9 months)

• comprehension begins

Language development (8-12 months)

• gestures

Language development (12 months)

• first words (holophrases)

• fast mapping

fast mapping

• infants learning new words after hearing it applied

holophrases

• first word

• one word expressions to express complete thoughts

Language development (18 months)

• vocab spurts

vocab spurts

• period of rapid vocab learning (16-24 months)

Language development (21 months)

• telegraphic speech

telegraphic speech

• 2 words

different language theories/perspectives

• nativist perspective

• interactionist view

• learning theory

Nativist perspective (def + theorist +evidence)

• nature (innate)

• Language Acquisition device (LAD)

  • Chomsky

    • biologically we have something that allows us the ability to detect sounds/lang and detect lang rules

• evidence:

  • animal language (chimps are limited in amount they can learn/ they cant put words together) - proves humans have some biological advantage

  • brain structures

    • broca’s area

    • wernicke’s area

  • easier for kids than adults to learn a language

broca’s area

• ability to talk

• left frontal lobe

• muscle movement in speech production

wernicke’s area

• temporal lobe

• left hemisphere

• involved in language comprehension

interactionist view

• mix between nature and nurture

  • dynamic between the two

1. biological preparedness (being human)

2. language environment

3. motivation to understand/ be understood

• proves why language immersion is best way to learn

combines

Learning theory (theorist & definition)

• nurture (parents role)

• Skinner - language learned through operant conditioning

• environments influence (home literacy)

  • parents should read even when we don’t understand

• evidence for the word gap

• need serve and return (+ warm, consistent responses)

  • 1. share the focus

  • 2. name it

  • 3. take turns

infant directed speech

• raised pich

• slower

• repetitive

• facial expressions

• not gooing or gaaaing at them

Word gap

• kids with lower SES hear 30 million fewer words that their peers by the time they are 3

  • conversations are less (parents are often busy or working) and less personal

Second language learning

• easier for kids than adults to learn a second language

  • if between 0-7

Genie case study (what does it prove about lang development)

• genie the wild child

• locked in small bedroom for a decade

• proves (Chomsky) the critical period hypothesis

  • she was unable to develop proper syntax/ grammar

link between language development and emotional regulation

• lang helps communicate emotions, but also shapes them

• dynamic relationship

• multidimensional

• part of social learning perspective for moral development

  • “naming to tame”

aiding language development

• serve and return

• respond to coos/ babbles with words

• social games

• talk through daily activities/ expanding **

• read to children

• bilingualism is great for cognitive development

• quantity of talk

• infant directed speech

• labeling

• recasting (correcting them)

benefits of reading to kids

• assists with comfort

• pathway building way before we can even read/ understand what is being read to us

• helps develop empathy

• engaged/ receptive parents promote more language development

• helps with connections between sound and objects then words and objects