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What is the primary goal of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH)?

To protect the safety, health, and welfare of workers by preventing work-related injuries, illnesses, and deaths.

What law governs Occupational Safety and Health in the Philippines?

Republic Act No. 11058 (An Act Strengthening Compliance with Occupational Safety and Health Standards) and its Implementing Rules under DOLE Department Order No. 198-18.

What is a hazard?

Anything with the potential to cause injury, illness, damage, or harm.

What is the difference between a hazard and a risk?

Hazard is the source of potential harm, while risk is the likelihood and severity of harm occurring from the hazard.

What are the major types of workplace hazards?

Physical, Chemical, Biological, Ergonomic, Psychosocial, Safety (Mechanical).

What is HIRAC?

Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Control.

What is the hierarchy of controls?

1. Elimination 2. Substitution 3. Engineering Controls 4. Administrative Controls 5. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).

Which is the least effective hazard control?

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).

What is PPE?

Equipment worn to minimize exposure to workplace hazards (e.g., gloves, masks, goggles, face shields).

What does SDS stand for?

Safety Data Sheet.

What information is found in an SDS?

Chemical hazards, first aid measures, storage, handling, PPE requirements, firefighting measures, and spill response.

What is WEM?

Workplace Environment Measurement.

Why is WEM conducted?

To measure workers’ exposure to workplace hazards such as noise, heat, lighting, and airborne contaminants.

What are examples of biological hazards in a hospital?

Tuberculosis, COVID-19, Hepatitis B, HIV, bloodborne pathogens.

What are examples of ergonomic hazards for nurses?

Manual patient lifting, awkward posture, repetitive movements, prolonged standing.

What is the purpose of incident reporting?

To identify causes, prevent recurrence, and improve workplace safety.

What is the difference between an incident and an accident?

Incident is an event that may or may not cause injury; Accident is an unplanned event that results in injury, illness, or property damage.

What is a near miss?

An incident that could have caused injury or damage but did not.

What should you do first if a fire occurs?

Activate the fire alarm, notify others, and follow the facility’s emergency response procedures.

What does PASS mean?

P – Pull the pin, A – Aim at the base of the fire, S – Squeeze the handle, S – Sweep side to side.

What does RACE stand for?

R – Rescue, A – Alarm, C – Confine, E – Extinguish/Evacuate.

What are the classes of fire?

Class A – Ordinary combustibles, Class B – Flammable liquids, Class C – Electrical fires, Class D – Combustible metals, Class K – Cooking oils and fats.

What should you do during an earthquake?

Drop, Cover, and Hold On.

What are the steps in Basic Life Support (BLS)?

Check scene safety → Check responsiveness → Call for help/activate EMS → Check breathing and pulse → Start CPR if indicated → Apply AED as soon as available.

Where should chest compressions be performed?

On the center of the chest (lower half of the sternum).

What is the recommended adult CPR compression rate?

100–120 compressions per minute.

What is the recommended compression depth for adults?

At least 5 cm (2 inches), but not more than 6 cm (2.4 inches).

What is the purpose of a Safety and Health Committee?

To promote workplace safety, investigate incidents, and recommend preventive measures.

Why is hand hygiene important?

To prevent the transmission of infections among patients and healthcare workers.

What should be done after a needlestick injury?

Wash the area immediately with soap and water, report the incident promptly, seek medical evaluation, and follow the facility’s exposure management protocol.