Mood Disorders and Suicide - Lecture 8

Flashcards covering vocabulary, prevalence, types of mood disorders, causal factors, and suicide myths and facts based on the lecture notes.

Mood Disorders

Disturbances in mood as their prominent feature, where a person interprets life through sustained feelings and emotions; formerly known as affective disorders.

Mania

An extreme of emotion characterized by soaring elation.

Major Depressive Episode

A period where 5 or more symptoms are present during the same 2-week period, including depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

A unipolar mood disorder featuring a major depressive episode without manic, hypomanic, or mixed episodes; lifetime prevalence is nearly $17\%$.

Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD)

Formerly known as Dysthymic Disorder, it is a mild/moderate form of depression with a persistently depressed mood for most of the day for at least 2 years.

Double Depression

The simultaneous occurrence of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD).

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

A depressive disorder featuring symptoms such as affective lability, irritability, and anxiety in the week leading up to menstruation.

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder

A disorder characterized by regular temper outbursts and persistent anger or irritability.

Complicated Grief

A chronic, heightened state of mourning involving extreme focus on the loss, intense longing for the deceased, and problems accepting the death.

Postpartum Depression

A severe, long-lasting form of depression occurring within 4 weeks after childbirth; it affects $13\%$ of women giving birth.

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

A mood disorder vulnerable to changes in sunlight where symptoms often include increased appetite, weight gain, and more sleep.

Diathesis-Stress Model

A psychological model where a pre-existing vulnerability (diathesis) interacts with an environmental event (stress) to trigger depression.

Negative Attributional Style

A cognitive vulnerability where explanations of events are internal (about the self), stable (persists across time), and global (extends beyond the situation).

Learned Helplessness Theory

A theory of depression related to a lack of perceived control over life events.

Bipolar I Disorder

A disorder including at least one manic or mixed episode, typically alternating with full major depressive episodes; average onset age is 18 years.

Bipolar II Disorder

A disorder including alternating periods of depression and hypomanic episodes, but not full-blown manic or mixed episodes; average onset age is 22 years.

Hypomanic Episode

A mild to moderate form of mania that is not severe enough to cause marked impairment in social or occupational functioning and has no psychotic features.

Rapid-Cycling Bipolar Disorder

A suffix applied when a person experiences 4 or more mood episodes within a 12-month period.

Cyclothymia

A mood disorder where milder depressive episodes alternate with hypomanic episodes for a pattern lasting at least 2 years in adults.

Lithium

A commonly prescribed mood stabilizer for Bipolar disorder that provides both anti-manic and anti-depressive effects.

Beck’s Cognitive Model

A theory stating that negative 'dysfunctional' cognitions, including schemas and automatic thoughts, are central to depression.

Negative Cognitive Triad

In Beck's model, the three areas of negative automatic thoughts: the self, the world, and the future.

Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT)

A therapeutic approach focusing on the impact of interpersonal relationships and changing interpersonal patterns or expectations.

Depressive Realism Hypothesis

The idea that individuals with depression tend to be more accurate or realistic than non-depressed persons in their judgments about themselves.

Anhedonia

A core symptom of depression characterized by the inability to experience pleasure.

Suicide Ambivalence

A marked feature of suicidal individuals who often do not want to die but simply want to escape an unbearable situation.