AMSCO 3.1 - 3.4

Gunpowder Empires

Empires (like the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal) that relied on gunpowder weapons for expansion.

Ottoman Empire

An empire founded by Osman in Anatolia, known for conquering Constantinople in 1453.

Suleiman the Magnificent

Ruler of the Ottoman Empire from 1520 to 1566; known for territorial expansion.

Safavid Empire

An Islamic empire located in modern-day Iran that established Shia Islam as the state religion.

Shah Abbas I

A significant ruler of the Safavid Empire known for military reforms and trade with Europe.

Mughal Empire

Founded by Babur in 1526; known for its rich cultural contributions under rulers like Akbar.

Akbar the Great

The Mughal ruler (1556–1605) known for his religious tolerance and administration reforms.

Qing Dynasty

The last imperial dynasty of China, established by Manchus, expanding into Central Asia.

Ivan IV (the Terrible)

A ruler of Russia who expanded into Siberia and established an autocratic regime.

Centralized Bureaucracy

A government system wherein the central authority manages various aspects of state administration.

Devshirme System

An Ottoman system of recruiting Christian boys for military and government service.

Zamindars

Local officials in the Mughal Empire responsible for tax collection and maintaining order.

Tax Farming

An Ottoman system where private collectors gathered taxes in return for a share of revenue.

Divine Right of Kings

A political and religious doctrine asserting that kings derive their authority from God.

Religious Syncretism

The blending of different religious beliefs, such as in Sikhism and Vodun.

Thirty Years' War

A series of conflicts in Central Europe (1618–1648) primarily driven by religious disputes.

Agrarian Economy

An economy primarily based on agriculture and farming.

Cultural Legitimization

Using culture, architecture, and religion to legitimize authority and power.

Religious Diversity

The coexistence of multiple religious beliefs and communities within an empire.