Biology- Mitosis 9th grade

Anaphase

Mitosis phase where centromeres split and sister chromatids separate

Cancer

Malignant growth resulting from uncontrolled cell division

Cell Cycle

series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide

Cell Division

Process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells

Cell Plate

New cell walls that form during cytokinesis of a plant

Centriole

Structure that organizes the spindle to separate chromosomes

Centromere

The center point where 2 sister chromosomes are attached

Chromatin

uncoiled, loose form of DNA

Chromosome

Structure composed of DNA and proteins that passes genetic information

Cytokinesis

division of the cytoplasm

G1 phase

stage of interphase in which cells grow and combine proteins and organelles

G2 phase

Shortest interphase stage where organelles and molecules for division are produced

Genome

all of an organism's genetic material

Interphase

Longest phase in the cycle consisting of G1, S, G2 phases

S phase

Period where chromosomes are replicated and DNA synthesis occurs

M Phase

Phase of the cell cycle consisting of mitosis and cytokinesis

Metaphase

Short mitosis phase where chromosomes line up at the cell equator

Mitosis

division of the nucleus

Mutation

damage or flawed copies in DNA

Prophase

longest phase of mitosis where chromatin condenses and nuclear envelope dissolves

sister chromatid

one of two identical copies are replicated chromosome

Somatic cell

Body cell (muscle, nerve, blood, skin, etc.)

Spindle

Microtubules that guide chromosomes during division

Telophase

Mitosis phase where chromosomes uncoil and nucleus reappears

Tissue

groups of cells that work together

Tumor

Mass of tissues formed by cancer cells that deprive normal cells of nutrients

Zygote

The single cell from which a complex organism begins