Bio Lab Nervous

Neuron

Basic unit of nervous system

Neuroglia

Support the neuron

Glial cells

Neuroglia

Astrocytes

Regulate what enters the CNS by surrounding localized capillaries

Microglia

Phagocytic cells that destroy pathogens and debris

Olgiodendrocytes

Provide insulating myelin sheath around axon

Ependymal

Produce cerebral spinal fluid which circulates nutrients

Schwann cell

Provides myelin sheath around axon

Satellite cell

Surround neuron body and regulate material exchange

Two Neuroglia that provide myelin sheath

Oligodendrocyte and Schwann

Two Neuroglia that regulate material exchange

Satellite and astrocyte

Neurotransmitters

Chemical messengers stored inside synaptic vesicles

Synaptic cleft

Where neurotransmitters are released into

Receptors

Receive neurotransmitters

Post synaptic membrane can be

Dendrite, muscle, or endocrine gland

Endoneurium

Surrounds individual myelinated axons

Perineurium

Surrounds individual fascicles

Epineurium

Surrounds entire nerve

6 regions of brain

Cerebrum, mesencephalon, cerebellum, pons, diencephalon, medulla oblongata

Cerebrum

Conscious though and higher learning

Cerebrum 4 lobes

Temporal, occipital, parietal, frontal

Gyri/gyrus

Folds (hills) in cerebrum to increase surface area

Sulci

Valley in cerebrum to increase surface area

Corpus callosum

Connects two hemispheres of cerebrum

Arbor vitae

“Tree of life” branched structure that looks like trees in cerebellum

Cerebellum

Monitor body position and coordinate movement (2 hemispheres)

Diencephalon includes

Thalamus and hypothalamus

Thalamus

Interprets sensory information

Hypothalamus

Emotions, instincts, and link to endocrine system

Brain stem

Conduct basic house keeping and survival tasks of body

Brain stem includes

Mesencephalon, pons, medulla

Mesencephalon

Midbrain, subconscious processing visual and auditory reflexes

Pons

Relay station

Medulla

Coordinating breathing and heart patterns, also swallowing reflex

Ventricles function

Produce and circulate CSF (cerebral spinal fluid)

Choroid plexus

Where most CSF is produced, tangled mass of capillaries hanging from roof of third and fourth ventricles

Meninges layers (superficial to deep)

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

Dura mater

Periosteal and meningeal

Arachnoid mater

Subarachnoid space that houses CSF

Ependymal cells

Produce CSF in choroid plexus

I

Olfactory nerve

II

Optic nerve

III

Oculomotor nerve

IV

Trochlear nerve

V

Trigeminal nerve

VI

Abducens nerve

VII

Facial nerve

VIII

Vestibulocochlear nerve

IX

Glossopharyngeal nerve

X

Vagus nerve

XI

Spinal accessory nerve

XII

Hypoglossal

Olfactory nerve function

Smell (Sensory)

Optic nerve function

Sight (sensory)

Oculomotor nerve function

Eye movement and pupil reflex (motor)

Trochlear nerve function

Eye movement (motor)

Trigeminal nerve function

Face sensation and chewing (Sensory and motor)

Abducens nerve function

Eye movement (motor)

Facial nerve function

Face movement and taste (motor and sensory)

Vestibulocochlear nerve function

Hearing and balance (sensory)

Glossopharyngeal nerve function

Throat sensation, swallowing, and taste (sensory and motor)

Vagus nerve function

Taste, slows heart rate, senses blood pressure, stimulates digestive organs (sensory and motor)

Spinal accessory nerve function

Neck movement (motor)

Hypoglossal nerve function

Tongue movement (motor)

Pairs of spinal nerves

31

Naming first seven spinal nerves

According to vertebrae below the nerve

Naming 8-13 spinal vertebrae

According to the vertebrae above

Gray matter

Neuron cell bodies and unmyelinated processes

White matter

Myelinated axons, superficially surround gray matter in spinal cord

Dermatomes

Zones in body that each spinal nerve serves

A

Dendrites

B

Nissl bodies

C

Nucleus

D

Axon hillock

E

Node of Ranvier

F

Schwann cells

G

Collateral axons

H

Telodendria

I

Synaptic knobs

J

Perikaryon (surrounding nucleus)

K

Nucleolus

L

Dendritic spines

A

Ependymal cells

B

CNS neuron

C

Process of astrocyte

D

Astrocyte

E

Blood vessel (capillary)

F

Myelin sheath

G

Process of oligodendrocyte

H

Oligodendrocyte

I

Microglial cell

A

Afferent fiber

B

Sensory neuron

C

Interneuron

D

Motor neuron

E

Efferent fiber

F

Peripheral ganglion

A

Axon

B

Endoneurium

C

Perineurium