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Freedom

 the rights that Filipinos did not enjoy during the Spanish rule

• a struggle for the Philippine revolutionary leaders to achieve independence from foreign power

1896

philippine revolution started

• Philippine Revolution broke out owing to the Filipinos' desire to be free from the abuses of the Spanish colonial regime.

June 12 1898

philippine independece from the spanish colonial government on the first Philippine Republic

Emilio Aguinaldo

who declared Philippine independence

Balcony of Aguinaldo mansion in Kawit Cavite

place of Philippine National flag was held up upon Philippine Independence day

George Dewey

convince the Spaniards to surrender to America.

February 1899

bloody fight against the American Army when american refused to ETBAL Philippines the long-sought Independence

February 4 1899

Philippine American War erupted

1901

emilio aguinaldo was captured

US President Woodrow Wilson

promised Philippine Independence and started to entrust authority over Filipino leaders with the establishment of the Philippine Senate by a democratic election.

Manual roxas

elected president in April 1946 for the independent second republic of the Philippines

July 4 1946

 independence was granted to the Republic of the Philippines

Diosdado Macapagal

believes that the June 12, 1896 declaration of the Philippine independence by General Emilio Aguinaldo brings to memory the heroes of the revolution

Philippine Independence Day

best commemorated in honor of the Filipino revolutionary heroes

•  the entire Filipino nation as well as Filipino communities all over the world gathers to celebrate

Diosdado Macapagal

who change the date of celebration of Philippine Independence Day

July 18 1898

Emilio Aguinaldo issued a decree asking for the election of delegates to the revolutionary congress

September 15, 1898

Aguinaldo assembled the Revolutionary Congress at the Brasoain Church in Malolos. Bulacan

important achievement of the Malolos Congress

1. September 29 1898, ratified the declaration of Philippine independence held at Kawit, Cavite on June 12, 1898

2. Passage of a law that allowed the Philippines to borrow P 20 million from banks for government expenses

3. Establishment of the Universidad Literatura de Filipinas and other schools

4. Drafting of the Philippine Constitution

5. Declaring war against the United States on June 12, 1899

September 29 1898

ratified the declaration of Philippine independence held at Kawit, Cavite on June 12, 1898

Felipe Calderon

who is the father of Malolos Constitution

executive powers

 exercise by the president of the republic with the help of his cabinet

Judicial powers

given to the Supreme Court and other lower courts to be created by law.

Chief justice of the Supreme Court

elected by the legislature with the concurrence of the President and his Cabinet.

January 21, 1899

The Birth of first Philippine Republic

• proclaimed president, Emilio Aguinaldo

Apolinario Mabini

elected as a prime minister

Julian Felipe

the composer of Lupang Hinirang

Marcha Filipina Magdalo change to Marcha Nacional Filipina

original title of Lupang Hinirang

Andres Bonifacio

 is the Father of the Philippine Revolution and the Supremo of the Katipunan 

• Member of la Liga Filipina 

July 7 1892

Katastaasang kagalangkalagang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (KKK)

KKK members agreed on the following objectives

• The political goal was to completely separate the Philippines from Spain after declaring the country's independence.

• The moral goal was to teach the Filipinos good manners, cleanliness, hygiene, fine morals, and how to guard themselves against religious fanaticism..

• The civic goal was to encourage Filipinos to help themselves and to defend the poor oppressed.

"Kataastaasang Sanggunian" (supreme council)

the highest governing body of the Katipunan. It was headed by a supremo, or president

sangguniang bayan

each province had

sangguniang balangay (popular council)

each town had

Recruitment Method of KKK

• (Hasik)Triangle method

• Two tier sanggunian structure

(Hasik)Triangle method

 Members were to recruit two new adherents (who would not know each other but only the original member who took him in), thus building a network of "triangles." This was to ensure that growth would be discreet, while at the same time ensure that the new recruits would closely adhere to the principles of the Katipunan.

• Slow growth 

Two tier sanggunian structure

Around October 1892, it was decided that members would be allowed to recruit as many persons as they could 

Membership of KKK

• katipon (member)

• Kawal (soldier)

• Bayani (patriot)

Katipon (Member)

• maybe promoted to kawal upon recruiting several new members

OUTFIT: Black hood, with a triangle of white ribbons, inside of which were the letters Z. LI. B.

PASSWORD: Anak ng Bayan

Kawal (soldier)

• maybe promoted to bayani upon becoming an officer 

OUTFIT: Green hood, with a triangle of white lines. At the three angles were the letters Z. LI. B.

Suspended from the neck was a green ribbon with a medal, with the letter K in the ancient Tagalog script inscribed in the middle.

PASSWORD: Gom-Bur-Za

Bayani (patriot)

OUTFIT: Red mask, with white triangle, inside of which was the following:

                               K

                 K                        K

            Z               LI                B

Red sash with green borders

PASSWORD: Rizal

• Katastaasang sanggunian 

• Sangguniang Bayan 

Organizational Structure

The Leaders of the Katipunan

• Deodato Arellano -Supremo

• Ladislao Diwa -Fiscal

• Teodora Plata -Secretary

• Valentine Diaz -treasurer

• Andres Bonifacio -controller

Jose Rizal

never became involved in the organization and activities of the Katipunan; but the Katipuneros still looked up to him as a leader. Was used as a password among the society's highest-ranking members, who were called bayani.

June 1896

bonifacio sent dr. Pio Valenzuela to Dapitan to seek Rizal’s advice on the planned revolution

Antonio Luna

Rizal recommended, as commander of its armed forces since he had much knowledge and expertise in military tactics

August 19 1896

secret revolution society was discovered when Patino revealed the society's secrets to his sister (Honoria), who confided in a Catholic nun, leading Father Mariano Gil to report the group to the Spanish authorities and trigger massive raids

Teodoro Patino

report the secret revolutionary

Dr. Trinidad Hermenigildo Pardo de Tavera,

wrote the Filipino version of the bloody incident in Cavite

1. The 1872 Cavite Mutiny; and

2. The martyrdom of the three priests: Father Mariano Gomes, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora (GOMBURZA).

In Philippine history, two major events happened in 1872

February 17 1872

execution of GOMBURZA

1872 Cavite Mutiny: Spanish Perspective

Jose Montero y Vidal, a prolific Spanish historian documented the event and highlighted it as an attempt of the Indios to overthrow the Spanish government in the Philippines. Meanwhile, Gov. Gen. Rafael Izquierdo's official report magnified the event and made use of it to implicate the native clergy, which was then active in the call for secularization.

January 20 1872

200 men comprised of soldiers, laborers of the arsenal, and residents of Cavite headed by Sergeant Lamadrid rose in arms and assassinated the commanding officer and Spanish officers in sight.

1935

controversial document called "The Retraction" was found. It was signed by none other than the National Hero, Dr. Jose Rizal, who declared in it that he was a Catholic and he wanted to take back everything he said against the Catholic Church.

Father Vicente Balaguer

"only eyewitness" the night Rizal wrote the retraction.

 De La Imitacion de Cristo

On the day he was to be executed, Rizal gave Josephine Bracken his copy on December 30th, 1896

Cry of Pugadlawin

The exact location of the First Cry of the Philippine Revolution is a subject of contention. Famously known as The Cry of Balintawak, it is also speculated to have happened in Pugad lawin