Eating and Sleep-Wake Disorders Lecture

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering key terms, clinical diagnostic criteria, physiological markers, and treatments for eating disorders and sleep-wake disorders.

Obesity

A physical health condition classified as an excess of body fat resulting in a BMI of $30+$; it is not classified as a mental health condition or diagnosis.

Binge

A relatively brief period of uncontrolled, excessive food consumption.

Purge

An attempt to get rid of consumed food or calories, such as through self-induced vomiting or misuse of laxatives.

Body Mass Index (BMI)

A measurement formula based on the interaction between height and weight, considered deviant when it is less than $18.5$ or greater than $30$.

Anorexia Nervosa

A disorder characterized by restriction of energy intake leading to significantly low body weight, an intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, and extreme distortions in body image and perception.

Restricting Type (Anorexia Nervosa)

A specifier of anorexia nervosa in which weight loss is accomplished primarily through dieting, fasting, and limiting calorie intake rather than purging.

Binge-Eating/Purging Type (Anorexia Nervosa)

A specifier of anorexia nervosa in which an individual regularly engages in binge eating and purging behaviors while maintaining a significantly low body weight.

Bulimia Nervosa

An eating disorder marked by recurrent episodes of binge eating paired with inappropriate compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain, occurring at least once a week for $3$ months in individuals typically within normal weight range.

Binge Eating Disorder (BED)

A disorder defined by recurrent episodes of binge eating accompanied by a sense of lack of control and marked distress, occurring at least once a week for $3$ months, without inappropriate compensatory behaviors.

PICA

A feeding disorder involving the persistent eating of non-nutritive, non-food substances for a period of at least $1$ month.

Rumination Disorder

A feeding disorder characterized by the repeated, reflexive regurgitation of recently consumed food for at least $1$ month, where the food may be re-chewed, re-swallowed, or spit out.

Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID)

An eating disturbance leading to significant weight loss or nutritional deficiency due to sensory characteristics, lack of interest in eating, or fear of aversive consequences, without body image distortion.

Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder (OSFED)

A diagnostic category applied when symptoms of disordered eating cause significant distress or impairment but do not meet full criteria for conditions like anorexia or bulimia (e.g., atypical anorexia, night eating syndrome).

Contingency Management

A behavioral treatment approach in which rewards are made contingent upon the client maintaining weight at a minimal required level.

Chronotype

The natural tendency of the body to prefer morning or evening hours, regulated by circadian rhythms, genetic factors, and the environment.

Social Jet Lag

The repeated switching of a daily sleep schedule caused by social demands rather than biological drives, common among shift workers, frequent travelers, and college students.

Polysomnographic Evaluation (PSG)

A laboratory-based assessment of sleep disorders where a sleeping client is monitored for brain wave, muscle, heart, respiratory, and other physiological functions.

Electroencephalograph (EEG)

A diagnostic component of polysomnography used to detect and record brain wave patterns during sleep.

Electrooculograph (EOG)

A diagnostic device used in sleep assessments to measure movements of the eyes.

Electromyography (EMG)

A diagnostic measurement technique used during sleep studies to track muscle movements and muscle tone.

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

A diagnostic component used in sleep evaluations to monitor electrical activity and rhythm of the heart.

Sleep Efficiency

A calculation used to evaluate sleep quality, expressed by the formula: $\text{Sleep Efficiency} = \frac{\text{Time Asleep}}{\text{Time in Bed}}$.

Actigraph

A wearable device sensitive to movement that detects stages of sleep and wakefulness as an alternative to an overnight sleep study.

Dyssomnias

A broad category of sleep disorders characterized by difficulties in the amount, quality, or timing of sleep.

Parasomnias

A broad category of sleep disorders characterized by abnormal behavioral, physiological, or experiential events occurring during sleep.

Insomnia Disorder

A predominant complaint of dissatisfaction with sleep quantity or quality characterized by difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, occurring at least $3$ nights per week for at least $3$ months.

Hypersomnolence Disorder

A disorder characterized by excessive sleepiness despite a main sleep period lasting at least $7$ hours, occurring at least $3$ times per week for at least $3$ months.

Narcolepsy

A sleep disorder involving recurrent, irrepressible periods of an intense need to sleep, lapsing into sleep, or napping occurring at least $3$ times per week over the past $3$ months.

Cataplexy

A symptom of narcolepsy characterized by sudden bilateral loss of muscle tone with maintained consciousness, typically precipitated by laughter or joking.

Sleep Paralysis

A brief period immediately upon awakening during which an individual is conscious but completely unable to move or speak.

Hypnagogic Hallucinations

Vivid, realistic sensory experiences occurring specifically at the onset of sleep.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea

A breathing-related sleep disorder where airflow stops due to airway obstruction while the respiratory system continues to attempt breathing.

Central Sleep Apnea

A breathing-related sleep disorder in which respiratory effort ceases completely for brief intervals due to central nervous system abnormalities.

Sleep-Related Hypoventilation

A breathing disorder characterized by decreased respiration during sleep leading to insufficient exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

The brain region responsible for synchronizing sleep patterns by regulating the biological clock and stimulating melatonin production.

Phase Delay

A circadian rhythm treatment technique that involves moving an individual's bedtime progressively later to reset the sleep cycle.

Phase Advance

A circadian rhythm treatment technique that involves moving an individual's bedtime progressively earlier to reset the sleep schedule.

Sleep Terrors

A non-REM sleep arousal disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of abrupt awakening with panic-like symptoms and autonomic arousal.

Scheduled Awakening

A behavioral intervention for sleep terrors that involves waking the individual slightly less than $30$ minutes prior to their typical episode time.

Sleep Hygiene

A set of behavioral and environmental habits designed to promote consistent sleep, such as maintaining a regular schedule, avoiding stimulants, and reserving the bed strictly for sleep and sex.