unit 1 anamity test

give human body ex of anatomy and physiology

anatomy: structure of skeletal system

physiology: function of the muscular system

list levels of organism w/ ex of each

cell (ex. animal cell) tissue (ex muscle tissue) organ (ex heart) organ system (ex circulatory system) organism (ex rat)

2 major sections of dorsal cavity and the 3 sections of the ventral cavity

cranial and vertebral (encloses brain and spinal cord; thoracic, abdominal, pelvic

body part inferior to the vertebral cavity

tail bone, bladder?

2 organs found in abdominal cavity

stomach, liver

5 survival needs for humans

nutrients, oxygen, water, standard body temp, standard pressure

describe anatomical position

the body is straight w/ feet slightly apart and thumbs pointing away from body

body cavity directly superior to the abdomen

thoracic cavity

abdominal cavity divided into 9 regions, label them

right hypochondriac region, epigastric region, left hypogastric region

right lumbar region, umbilical region, left lumbar region

right iliac, hypogastric region, left iliac

if human body cut into a top and bottom half; what type of plan would it be

transverse

where is genetic info found in the cell

nucleus

shape of dna

twisted ladder = double helix

DNA is copied into rRNA in…

transcription

mRNA converted into proteins in …

translation

why do cells need to divide?

grow too large, process of bringing nutrients and removing waste becomes inefficient

2 diff. between mitosis and meiosis

mitosis: 1 parent cell makes 2 identical daughter cells; somatic (body cells)

meiosis: only for gametes, 1 parent cell makes 4 different daughter cells

principle of complementarity

function of a cell is dependent on the structure of the cell

how are totipotent cells diff from unipotent cells

unipotent: cells can only produce one specific type of cell

totipotent cells: have the potential to form any cell type in an organism

compare and contrast active and passive

both: help get nutrients, remove waste, +keep stable interior environments; in plasma membrane; transport proteins

active: against gradient low to high; requires energy (typically ATP)

passive: doesn’t need energy, high to low

low → high; high → low

active; passive

4 types of cell tissues

muscular tissue; connective tissue; nervous tissue; epithelial tissue

organelle that’s responsible for storing food and water

vacuoles

base pairing rules for DNA

A always bonds with T

C always bonds with G

endocytosis vs exocytosis

endo brings substances into the cell; exo brings substances out of the cell

positive vs negative feedback loops

pos: drives body further away from typical balance ex, child birth, blood clots

neg: more common, reduces change in the body to being back balance