BIO Exam #2 bc the other one was being bitchy

Nearly all life depends on energy captured from

Sunlight

Which statement best describes the difference between light energy and chemical energy?

Light energy is a type of kinetic energy, and chemical energy is a type of potential energy.

What are the products of photosynthesis?

sugar and oxygen

Plants and photosynthesizers produce oxygen. What is the source of this oxygen?

Water

What is the source of the ATP and the NADPH that enter the "synthesis" portion of photosynthesis?

electron transport chain of the “photo” reaction

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, some bacteria, and some protists use the energy from sunlight to produce sugar, which ____ converts to ATP, which is the “fuel” used by all living things.

cellular respiration

What is an outcome of glycolysis?

the breakdown of a glucose molecule into two smaller pyruvate molecules

Mitochondria have a “bag within a bag” structure. This is necessary to:

Create two distinct regions with a concentration differential, a form of potential energy

Which of the following choices illustrates an example of potential energy?

a concentration gradient of protons across a membrane within a living cell

Where is a large amount of stored energy found in this molecule of ATP? 

4 

Genes are borne on structures called:

chromosomes

Which statement correctly describes the locations of transcription and translation within a eukaryotic cell?

DNA is transcribed in the nucleus, and then the mRNA transcript is transported to the cytosol to be translated into protein.

What is the final product of transcription and translation?

protein 

A diploid individual with two identical alleles for a particular gene is said to be:

homozygous for that gene

If, when in a heterozygous state, one allele masks the effect of the other allele, the masked allele is referred to as:

recessive

An allele is dominant when it

masks the effects of another allele.

What is the probability that an individual who is homozygous for a given allele will pass that allele to one of her/his gametes?

100%

which of the following statements best describes a sex-linked trait?

a trait that is controlled by a gene on a sex chromosome

The impact of a single gene on more than one characteristic is called:

pleiotropy.

Phenotypes are generally a product of

the genotype in combination with the environment.

In the case of Mendel's peas, a single gene determined the height of the plant. However, in humans, adult height is influenced by many genes. A trait such as human height is said to be

polygenic.

Assuming incomplete dominance, if a homozygous red-flowered plant is crossed with a homozygous white-flowered plant, what will be the color of the offspring?

pink

Which phenomenon accounts for the fact that most people with red hair have freckles?

linked genes

Where does glycolysis take place inside the cell?

Cytoplasm

What would happen if no oxygen were available?

NADH wouldn’t lose its electron, and the electron transport chain would grind to a halt.

If the first photosystem is unable to split water, what will occur?

ATP will not be formed.

What is the source of the ATP and the NADPH?

electron transport chain of the “photo” reactions shorter one