Dental Science Cumulative Oral Anatomy Exam

name for “our teeth”?

dentition

“baby” teeth aka?

primary or deciduous

“adult” teeth aka?

permanent or secondary

permanent teeth that replace primary teeth (20)?

succadaneous

permanent teeth that do NOT replace primary teeth (12)?

nonsuccadaneous teeth (permanent molars)

about 6 months - 6 years of age; 20; no premolars?

primary dentition

about 6 years to 12 years of age; both primary & permanent teeth; notable color difference between primary & permanent; decisions regarding Tx are based on eruption?

mixed dentition

about 12 years of age; 32 permanent teeth; completely formed (roots) around 14-15 yrs; 3rd molars (wisdom teeth) around 18-25 yrs?

permanent dentition

(MAX) upper arch; maxillary bone which is part of the skull & does not move?

maxillary arch

(MAND) lower arch; movable; associated with TMJ?

mandibular arch

“front”; incisors (central & lateral); canines?

anterior teeth

“back”; premolars (PM) 1st and 2nd; molars (M) 1st, 2nd, and 3rd?

posterior teeth

6 divisions?

sextants

to cut food without a lot of force, single-rooted; sharp thin edge; back is shaped like a shovel?

incisors

(cuspids) corner of arch “cornerstone tooth”; most stable tooth; single-rooted; tear food?

canines

(bicuspids) 2 or 3 cuspids; none in primary dentition; hold food while cusps grind it?

premolars

larger than premolars; 4 or more cusps; grind food; vary greatly in size, shape, and number of roots?

molars

when teeth come in?

eruption

when primary teeth are lost?

exfoliation

general rules of eruption?

girls before boys

lowers before uppers

erupt in pairs

number teeth (1-32); start on UR to UL to LL to LR; primary uses letters?

universal (national) system

each tooth is a 2 digit number; 1st is quadrant number, 2nd is tooth number within the arch?

ISO/FDI system

orthodontic method; use a bracket to show quadrant; permanent (1-8); primary (A-E)?

palmer system

part that is covered by enamel?

anatomical crown

part of tooth that is seen “clinically”

clinical crown

part of root that is covered by cementum?

anatomical root

part of root that is seen “clinically”?

clinical root

tip of root; plural-apices?

apex

hole at the tip of apex; nerves and blood supply run through this?

apical foramen

hardest living tissue of the body, protective, thickest at biting surface, thinnest at neck (cervical region) of tooth; see on crown only (covers crown)?

enamel

characteristic of enamel?

rods

aka prisms, run from DEJ to the surface?

rods

underlies enamel & cementum, softer than enamel but harder than cementum & bone?

dentin

dentin characteristics?

dentinal tubules

canals that contain dentinofibers (thermal conductors), transmit pain stimulus, contain fluid, yellowish in color, sensitive if exposed?

dentinal tubules

covers the root, attached to alveolar bone by PDL, softer than enamel & dentin; not as smooth, does not resorb & regenerate like bone (makes orthodontics possible)?

cementum

cementum characteristics?

sharpey’s fibers

CEJ

one of the connective fibers of the PDL, helps anchor the cementum to bone?

sharpey’s fibers

cementum & enamel meet (external junction)?

CEJ

space inside the tooth that is filled w/soft tissue (nerves & blood vessels)?

pulp cavity

pulp cavity characteristics?

pulp chamber

pulp horn

pulp canals

largest part of pulp cavity; within crown of tooth?

pulp chamber

pointed extensions of pulp chamber; follow the cusps of the tooth?

pulp horn

inside root of tooth?

pulp canals

tissues of the tooth?

enamel

dentin

cementum

pulp cavity

what makes up periodontium?

cementum

PDL

alveolar process

gingiva

attached gingiva

alveolar mucosa

interdental papilla

tissues that surround and support the teeth?

periodontum

attaches root of tooth to alveolar bone?

PDL

bone in tooth bearing areas of maxilla & mandible?

alveolar process

different parts of the alveolar process?

cancellous/trabecular bone

compact/cortical bone

lamina dura

“inner bone”; sponge-like pattern, makes bone light?

cancellous/trabecular bone

hard bone on the outer surface?

compact/cortical bone

on a radiograph it appears as thin white (radiopaque) line, thin lining of compact bone at tooth socket?

lamina dura

“gums”?

gingiva

gingiva characteristics?

free (marginal) gingiva

gingival sulcus

attached only at gingival groove; healthy = 1-3 mm deep?

free (marginal) gingiva

space between free gingiva & tooth?

gingival sulcus

appear “stippled” “orange peel” surface, tightly attached to alveolar bone, extends from FGJ to the MGJ?

attached gingiva

attached gingiva characteristic?

FGJ

line between attached gingiva & mucosal gingiva?

MGJ

thin, loosely attached, flows into lips, cheeks, and floor of mouth?

alveolar mucosa

triangular shaped tissue between the teeth?

interdental papilla

alveolar mucosa characteristics?

MGJ

closest to the face?

facial

closest to lips (only used to reference anterior teeth)?

labial

facial surfaces of posterior teeth closest to the inner cheek?

buccal

surface that is closest to tongue; on maxillary teeth it may also be called palatal because it is closest to the palate?

lingual

the biting surface on posterior teeth?

occlusal

chewing surface on anterior teeth?

incisal

surface closest to midline?

mesial

surface that is more distant from midline?

distal

when 2 teeth are next to each other in the arch, the surfaces adjacent to each other are?

proximal (interproximal)

the space between 2 adjacent teeth (where interdental papilla lays)?

interproximal space

anatomic features of teeth?

contours

contacts

height of contour

embrasure space

all teeth have curved surfaces except where they are broken or worn; some are concave or convex?

contours

curved inward?

concave

curved outward?

convex

it is a general rule that the crowns of all teeth narrow at the?

cervical line

what is the purpose of the facial and lingual contours of teeth?

natural stimulation of gum tissue

protection of tissue while chewing

when a tooth is restored, if the tooth has inadequate contour the _____ might be traumatized while chewing?

gingival

if the tooth is over contoured the gingival will not get adequate _______ and will be hard to keep clean?

stimulation

provide natural contact and embrasure space - aka interproximal space?

mesial & distal contours

area on the mesial or distal surface of a tooth that touched the tooth next to it?

contact area

the exact point where the teeth actually touch; each tooth should ideally have contact with the adjacent teeth in the arch?

contact point

proper contact does what 3 things?

prevents food from getting trapped

stabilizes arch

protects interproximal tissue from trauma during mastication

the widest part of the tooth?

height of contour (HOC)

the contact area is the HOC on?

mesial & distal surfaces

there is also facial & lingual HOC

triangular space between teeth?

embrasure space

formed by the junction of two surfaces?

line angles

formed by the junction of three surfaces?

point angles

teeth are divided into ____; both the crown and the root?

thirds

the relationship between maxillary and mandibular teeth when in fully closed position?

occlusion

problems with occlusion can affect?

teeth

joints

muscles of head & neck

when the jaws are closed in the most stable, normal, and comfortable position; allows for most effective mastication and distribution of occlusal forces?

centric occlusion

centric occlusion; lingual cusps of the maxillary molars fit into?

central fossa’s of mandibular molars

abnormal relationship of maxillary and mandibular teeth?

malocclusion

describes and classifies occlusion and malocclusion; the basis of this system is that the position of the maxillary first molar only is key for identification of occlusion?

angles classification

ideal mesiodistal relationship?

class I (neutrocclusion)

class I (neutrocclusion); the mesiobuccal cusp of the permanent maxillary first molar occludes with?

mesiobuccal groove of mandibular first molar

the MB cusp of the maxillary first molar occludes mesial to the MB groove of mandibular first molar (by more than width of a premolar)?

class II (distocclusion)