DNA-directed RNA Synthesis and Processing
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These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to transcription and RNA processing in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
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21 Terms
Transcription
The process by which the information in a segment of DNA is copied into RNA.
RNA polymerase
An enzyme that synthesizes RNA from a DNA template.
Promoter
A DNA sequence that initiates transcription of a particular gene.
Exon
A segment of a gene that codes for proteins.
Intron
A segment of a gene that does not code for proteins and is removed during RNA processing.
Cis-acting elements
DNA sequences that regulate the transcription of nearby genes.
Trans-acting factors
Proteins that bind to cis-acting elements to regulate gene expression.
mRNA processing
Post-transcriptional modifications including capping, splicing, and polyadenylation.
5'-cap
A modified guanine nucleotide added to the 5' end of eukaryotic mRNA for stability and translation initiation.
Poly-A tail
A stretch of adenine nucleotides added to the 3' end of mRNA, contributing to mRNA stability and export.
Open Reading Frame (ORF)
A continuous stretch of codons in mRNA that starts with a start codon and ends just before a stop codon.
Codon
A triplet of nucleotides in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid.
Ribosome
A cellular structure composed of RNA and protein where protein synthesis occurs.
Start codon
The first codon of mRNA that is translated into amino acid, commonly AUG.
Stop codon
A codon that signals the termination of protein synthesis; does not encode any amino acid.
Splicing
The process of removing introns and joining exons in pre-mRNA.
Enhancer
A DNA sequence that increases the likelihood of transcription of a gene.
Silencer
A DNA sequence that decreases the likelihood of transcription of a gene.
5' UTR
Untranslated region at the 5' end of mRNA that is not translated into protein.
3' UTR
Untranslated region at the 3' end of mRNA that also not translated into protein.
mRNA transcript
The product of transcription that is processed into mature mRNA.
Flashcards (49)