Master Cram Guide for BSC1005

Where does glycolysis happen?

Cytoplasm (Main cell floor, no oxygen needed)

Where does Citric Acid/Krebs cycle happen?

Mitochondrial Matrix (Deep inside mitochondria)

Where do light reactions happen?

Thylakoids (Green pancakes inside chloroplast)

Where does the calvin cycle happen?

Stroma (Syrup fluid inside chloroplast)

Where does Transcription happen?

Nucleus (Copying DNA to mRNA)

Where does Translation happen?

Ribosome (Building protein from mRNA)

Where does Cellular Respiration happen?

Starts in the Cytoplasm, ends in the Mitochondria

Where does Photosynthesis happen?

The Chloroplast

Where does the Electron Transport Chain happen?

The Inner Mitochondrial Membrane (the folded cristae)

Equation for cellular respiration (photosynthesis in reverse)

Glucose + Oxygen > Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP

Equation for Photosynthesis (cellular respiration in reverse)

Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP > Glucose + Oxygen

What path does a protein take out of the cell?

Rough ER>Vesicle>Golgi>Vesicle>Plasma membrane.

Do plants perform cellular respiration?

YES! Plants perform BOTH photosynthesis (to make glucose) AND cellular respiration (to break glucose down into $\text{ATP}$). Humans/animals only perform cellular respiration.

Which organelles are found in plant cells vs. animal cells?

• Plant cells: Chloroplasts AND Mitochondria.

• Animal cells: Mitochondria ONLY (no chloroplasts).

Equation for Aerobic Cellular Respiration?

C6H12O6 + 6O2 > 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

In cellular respiration, what is oxidized and what is reduced?

• Glucose is OXIDIZED (loses Hydrogens/electrons to become CO2)

• Oxygen is REDUCED (gains Hydrogens/electrons to become H2O)

Purpose of Photosytem I?

Re-energizes electrons using sunlight to create NADPH.

Purpose of Photosystem II?

Splits water (H2O) to release oxygen (O2) and generates ATP.

Which Photosystem comes first II or I

II

Which nitrogenous base is present in DNA but replaced by Uracil in RNA?

Thymine

What component of an amino acid gives it its unique chemical properties?

The Side Group (R-group).