Fermentation

What is the common misconception about plants and oxygen?

Plants do not need oxygen for cellular processes.

What is the truth regarding plants and oxygen?

Plants perform cellular respiration to generate ATP, requiring oxygen.

Why do aerobic organisms need oxygen?

Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain (ETC) and helps in breaking down glucose efficiently.

What happens to aerobic respiration without oxygen?

Aerobic respiration cannot continue beyond glycolysis.

What are the steps of Aerobic Respiration?

Glycolysis → Krebs Cycle → ETC.

How many ATP are produced per glucose in Aerobic Respiration?

~36-38 ATP per glucose.

What is Anaerobic Respiration?

Respiration that occurs without oxygen, using alternative electron acceptors.

What is the goal of fermentation?

To allow glycolysis to continue in low/no oxygen conditions by regenerating NAD+.

How many ATP are produced per glucose in Fermentation?

2 ATP per glucose.

What is produced during Alcoholic Fermentation?

Ethanol and CO₂.

What is produced during Lactic Acid Fermentation?

Lactate.

What is a key application of fermentation?

Used in food production such as bread-making and yogurt production.

What is the ATP yield comparison between Aerobic Respiration and Fermentation?

Aerobic respiration yields ~36-38 ATP, while fermentation yields only 2 ATP per glucose.

What do aerobic organisms require for high ATP yields?

Oxygen is essential for high ATP yield in aerobic respiration.

How does fermentation impact ATP production during intense exercise?

Fermentation allows ATP production when oxygen is unavailable, but is less efficient.

What do different organisms use in anaerobic conditions?

Different organisms use different electron acceptors in anaerobic conditions.