bones and muscle

actions of temporalis

closes jaw

masseter

closes jaw

digastricus

opens mouth and elevates and holds hyoid during speech and swallowing

sternocleidomastoid

if one side contracts, it rotates/tilts head sideways

medial pterygoid

closes jaw

lateral pterygoid

opens jaw

trapezius

elevates, depresses, retracts

latissimus dorsi

adducts and extends shoulder, rotates shoulder, draws shoulder down and back

pectoralis major

flexion, adduction and medial rotation of shoulder

clavicle

pointy portion on top

round side faces medially

carpus

eight bones that make up the wrist

metacarpals

5 bones that make up the palm of each hand

phlanges

14 finger bones of each hand

deltoid

abducts, extends, and flexes shoulder

infraspinatus

lateral rotation of shoulder, horizontal adduction of shoulder

supraspinatus

abducts and stabilizes shoulder

subscapularis

medial rotation of shoulder, stabilizes shoulder

teres minor

lateral rotation humerus

biceps brachii

flexes elbow (forearm); supination of forearm

brachialis

flexes elbow

brachioradialis

flexes elbow

triceps brachii

extends elbow and shoulder (glenohumeral joint)

flexor carpi ulnaris

flexes wrist; acts with extensor carpi ulnaris to adduct wrist

flexor carpi radialis

flexes and abducts wrist

extensor carpi ulnaris

extends and adducts wrist, acts with flexor carpi ulnaris to adduct wrist

extensor carpi radialis longus; extensor carpi radialis brevis

extends and abducts wrist; acts with flexor carpi radialis to abduct wrist

rectus abdominus

flexes lumbar portion of vertebral column

external oblique

unilateral: lateral flexion of vertebral column; rotation of vertebral column to opposite side

bilateral: flexes vertebral column and compresses abdominal wall

internal obliques

unilateral: lateral flexion the vertebral column; rotation of vertebral column to same side

bilateral: flexes vertebral column and compresses abdominal wall

tranverse abdominus

unilateral: lateral flexion of the vertebral column

bilateral: flexes vertebral column and compresses

gluteus maximus

adducts, extension, and lateral rotation of hip

gluteus medius

abducts and medially rotates hip, stabilizes pelvis

gluteus minimus

abduction and medial rotation of hip

posts major (deep)

flexes hip

sartorius

Flexes, Abducts and laterally rotates hip; flexes knee

adductors (deep) a. longus, a. magnus

adducts hip

gracilis

adducts hip; flexes knee

quad muscles

rectus femoris

vastus medialis, intermedius, lateralis

rectus femoris

flexes hip; extends knee

vastus medialis, lateralis, intermedius

extends knee

muscles of hamstrings

biceps femoris (long and short head)

semimembranosus

extends hip, flexes knee

semitendinosus

extends hip, flexes knee

biceps femoris (long head)

extends and laterally rotates hip; flexes knee

biceps femoris (Short head)

flexes knee

tibialis anterior

dorsiflexion and inversion of ankle

gastrocnemius

pllantar flexes ankle; flexes knee

soleus

plantar flexes ankle, stabilizes leg when standing

occipital

occipital condyles

temporal

mastoid process, mandibular fossa, zygomatic process, external auditory meatus

sphenoid

greater and lesser wings

ethmoid

crib form plate, Crista Galli

foramen magnum

largest foramen, between the brain stem and spinal cord

jugular foramen

between temporal and occipital bones, entry of cranial nerves

carotid canal

anterior and medial to the jugular foramen, entry of internal carotid artery

superior orbital fissue

between greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid bone, entry of cranial nerves

atlas

does not have a body and above axis

axis

odontoid process/dens is the modified body

sacrum

5 fused bones

coccyx

3-5 fused bones

sternum

manubrium, body, xiphoid process

scapula

spine, accordion, coracoid process, glenoid cavity

pelvis girdle

ilium, ischium, pubis

three bones fuse to form the ossa coxae

acetabulum (socket for head of femur) at fusion point between three bones

pelvis

ossa coax + sacrum + coccyx