Anatomy and Phisyology Unit 3

Name the functions of the integumentary system

Protect, Thermoregulation, Energy storage, Sensory Receptors, excretes salts water organic waste, prevent dehydration, vitiman D synthesis

What type of membrane is the skin

Cutaneous membrane

The epidermis is made of —— epitheleum

Stratified squamos

The dermis is made up of —— tissue

connective (areolar)

The hypodermis is made up of —— tissue

adipose

Does the epidermis have a blood supply of its own?

no

How do nutrients reach the epidermis

upward diffusion from dermis

Place each of these thin skin strata in the epidermis in order from youngest to oldest Stratum corneum, Stratum granulosum, Stratum basale, and stratum spinosum

Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum corneum

What speciffically differentiates thick skin from thin ksin? What areas of the body have thick skin?

Stratum lucidum is found only in thick skin. Found in palms and soles

Why does the stratum basale form epidermal ridges? How are these ridges visible to us?

dermal papille (papillary layer of the dermis) are tansmitted to epidermis

How do skin cells change as they move from the lower layer up. When do they stop dividing?

stratum granulosum, cells sttop dividing and will fill with keritin

What layer is tattoo ink injected into. Why this layer?

Dermis so it stays

What is keratin?

Water resistant protein found in skin and nails

Why dose skin peel off in sheets instead of just one cell at a time?

Desmosomes connect cells together

Why would human evolution favor skin with more melanin in areas near the equator, and skin with less melanin in areas closer to the poles?

direct rays from sun near equator= need more protection from sunlight

List the three types of skin cancer, and explain which cells they affect. Which is the most dangerous?

Basal cell carcinoma: stratum basale layer. Squamos cell carcinoma: epidermis. Malignat melanoma: melanocytes, most dangerous

Ẁhat is the ABCD rule?

Asymmetry, Borders, Color, Diameter, Evolving

What is the purpose of hair?

Keep us warm

The arrector pili muscle is muscle associated with a hair. What purpose does this muscle serve?

makes hair stand up

What is the relationship between sebum and acne?

blockage of sebaceuos gland causes acne

Compare apocrine sudoriferous (sweat) glands and eccrine sweat glands. Decribe the excreations of each, and which is responcible for body odor

eccrine: mostly water to cool us off. Apocrine: cause body oder

What is the purpose of fingernails and what layer of skin do they arise from?

protect the ends of fingers/ toes, epidermis

What is the underlying change that occurs in skin to account for each of these symptoms of aging

a. increased injury and infections rate

b. Reduced bone strength

c. Gray or white hair color

d. Wrinkling

A. Stratum basale activity decline

B. Vit D production decline

C. Less melanin produced

D. Thinner collegen fibers

Compare how skin visibly changes during cyanosis and jaundice. What is the underlying cause of each?

Cyanosis: blue: lack of oxygen

Jaundice: yellow: liver damage

What causes rickets?

prepubesent lack of vit D or calcium

Give an example of fungal infection, bacterial infection, and viral infection of the skin. Which can be treated with antibiotics

1. Fungal: Athleates foot, 2. Bacterial: Imetigo, treat w/ antibods, 3. Viral: cold sore

What is seborrhea, decbitus ulcers, and impetigo?

Staph, dandruff, bed sores, (movment to restore circulation and prevent)

Describe the diffrence between the effects of first-degree, second-degree, and third-degree burns. What is the first threat to life from a massive third degree burn?

1. Red, sore, partial thickness, can regenerate

2. Blisters, partial thickness, can regenerate

3. black/grey, full thickness, cannot regenerate