Art Fundamentals Exam

Blind contour

continuous line drawing created while looking only at the subject, never looking down at the paper. The pencil/pen remain remains on the paper the entire time.

Modified contour

a contour drawing where the artist looks at the subjects most of the time (roughly 80%) but allows themselves occasional brief glances done at the paper to check placement and proportion.

Continuous contour

a drawing created without ever lifting the drawing utensil from the paper, forming one unbroken continuous line.

Definition of a line

moving point or a point moving through space

Value

the lightness or darkness of a color or shade. It describes the overall appearance of lights and darks and an artwork.

Value scale

the full tunnel, range of values in an artwork, progressing step-by-step from white to black with numerous straight shades of gray in between

Shading

using lighter and darker values to make a two dimensional shape look 3-D. It can also refer to creating value without relying on directional lines.

Form

a three-dimensional object having height with in depth/length

3-D sphere elements

requires a highlight (white/light area) core shadow (dark region away from light) cast shadow on the surface, and smoothly, gradients, splendid, with a blending stump tissue or finger

Elements of art

the visual building blocks used to create artwork.

elements list: line, shape, color, value, texture, form, space

Principles of design

the guidelines or rules that tell artist how to organize and use the elements of art

List of principles: balance, emphasis, pattern/repetition, unity, harmony, variety/contrast, proportion movement and rhythm

Shape

a two dimensional area, enclosed by a line

What are the two main types of shape?

geometric: regular, sharp, mathematical shapes

Organic: free for, irregular, natural shapes, found in nature

Positive vs negative space

positive space: the actual subject matter or main figures

Negative space/shape: the empty area or space that surrounds and exist between the main design elements

Composition

the overall arrangement of organization of visual elements within a design

Focal point and emphasis

the specific area and artist draws attention to or emphasizes. Created using contrasting colors, line shapes, textures, and spatial isolation.

Rule of thirds

a grid layout principle dividing an image into three vertical and three horizontal thirds.

Landscape divisions

a landscape is divided into three depth regions

1. Fore ground.

2. Middle ground.

3. Background.

Texture

the visual element that illustrates how something feels perceived through touch and vision

Visual texture

the two dimensional illusion of a 3-D tactile surface on a flat medium

Lighting effects

Extremely bright or directional lighting can create highlights and dramatic shadows, causing texture surfaces to become prominent visual focus points

Cartouche

a decorative border frame or title block used to highlight and emphasize specific pieces of text or symbols

Non-representational/abstract art

artworks that do not attempt to depict recognizable objects, natural forms, or real world subject matter

Balance

the visual distribution of weight across a composition, using color texture line in space to create stability

Unity

combining elements to create a cohesive complete and connected overall composition

Harmony

combining, similar or related elements to create an aesthetically, pleasing and integrated whole

Variety/contrast

Using distinct differences between elements to create interest

ex.

1. Big and small

2. Light and dark

3. Rough and smooth

Impression sunrise

painted by Claude Monet. Gave the impressionist movement it's name.

Impact of photography/camera

photography, captured exact realistic, detail details, impressionist artist to focus on light color and spontaneous expressions. Leading them to embrace brushstrokes as a unique quality of paint.

Complementary colors

colors opposite each other on the color wheel

ex.

red-green

blue-orange

pruple-yellow

Analogous colors

any three colors directly next to each other on the color wheel

ex.

red, red-orange, orange

Triadic color

three colors evenly spaced around the color. We are forming a triangle.

ex. red, yellow, blue

warm vs cool colors

cool colors blues greens purples. Tend to recede or move backward in a design.

Warm colors: reds oranges yellows. Tend to advance forward.

Shade

created by adding black or dark complementary color to a pure queue

ex How to make dark green

add black or darker red

Science of color

Black: complete absence of visible light

Outside visible spectrum: ultraviolet (UV) rays, infrared rays, x-rays, gamma rays, microwaves, radio waves

Art edits simplest form is what?

medium and symbolism