L4: Amino acids & Proteins

Amino Acids

Basic structural unit of the proteins

How many amino acids are found in nature?

300 amino acids

How many proteins are present in proteins

20

Amino acids

Dietary source of nitrogen and sulfur

Amine and carboxyl group

Amino acids are composed of

amino acid

Used in protein synthesis

amino acid

Sources of energy

amino acids

Used in biosynthesis of some specialized products

Amine

(-NH2) basic

Carboxyl

(-COOH) acid

Proline

not connected to alpha carbon

100-150

How many amino acids contains in a 1 protein in our body?

Biosynthesis

living cells builds complex molecules from simpler ones by using energy and enzyme

Hemoglobin

A biomolecule that contains protein

D-amino acid

Moves to the right

L-amino acid

Moves to the left

Alanine (Ala)

Involved in the production of energy from glucose

Alanine

Transfers nitrogen from tissue to liver

NCH3

Atomic symbol of “Amonia”

Amonia (NCH3)

toxic substance that liver converts Into urea and removes through urine

Mumps, Measles, Rubella

MMR stand for..?

MMR

diseas that can be prevented by using antibody such as vaccine to protect our immune system

Analine

creates creatine that  when the muscles uses it can be creatinine

Creatinine

Waste of creatine

Creatine

Energy source of skeletal muscle

urea

___ becomes amonia again when left not flushed in toilet

Urea

A toxic substance that liver converts amonia into ____? (Waste product)

Argenin (Arg)

Involved in cell division, wound healing, stimulation of protein synthesis, immunity, and hormonal release

Argenin

Required in generation of urea and creatine

Asparagine (Asn)

Maintains the balance and metabolism of neurotransmitters

Neuron

Smallest nerve cell

Asparagus juice

Oldest amino acid

Aspartic Acid

Involved in the construction of other amino acid

Aspartic Acid

Participates in gluconeogenesis

Asparagine, Lysine, Methionine, Threonine, Isoleucine, Argenine

Types of aspartic acid

Glycolysis

converts glucose to ATP

Glycogenisis

Glucose to glycogen

Glycogenolysis

Glycogen to Glucose

Glyconeogenisis

Protein, fats to Glucose

Cysteine

Constituent of food, pharmaceutical products and personal care industries

Asparagine (Asn)

First isolated in 1806 from asparagus juice

Cysteine

Production of flavors

Cysteine

Use to treat melabsorption syndrome

Melabsorption syndrome

Absorbtion of electrolytes

Glutamic Acid (Glu)

Serves as a neurotransmitter, metabolism of fats & sugars, and transport of K+ into the spinal fluid

Glutamic acid

Incharge in production of monosodiume glutamine (msg)

Roasted, meaty, savory, brothy

Flavors that cysteine generate

Glutamine (Gln)

Most abundant amino acid

Glutamine

Maintenance of many metabolic process

61%

Percentage of glutamine has in skeletal muscle

Glutamine

Production of nucleotide

glutamine

anti body production related to immune

Purine and perimidine

2 types of nucleotides

Glutamine

Transportation of NH3 (amonia)

Glycine (Gly)

Simplest amino acid

Glycine

aids in synthesis of many substances such as bile

Glycine

Sweet enhancer/ sweetener

Bile

Stores by gallbladder And metabolism of fats

Inhibitory Neurotransmitter

chemical messengers that decrease the likelihood that a receiving neuron will fire an action potential. (Stops/brake)

Cytocine,Uracil, thymine

What are under the pyrimidines

Guanine, adenine

What are under the Purines

Histidine (His)

Direct precursor of histamine

Histamine

can be found in white blood cells

Histidine

Growth & repair of tissue; maintain myelin sheaths

Histamine

Histidine converts into..?

Allergies

histamine that locates in our WBC that are responsible for the stimuli of__

Isoleucine (Ile)

It maintain, heal and repair muscles, skin, and bones

Isoleucine

Hemoglobin formation

Leucine (Leu)

The 2nd most abundant amino acid 

Leucine

Necessary for the optimal growth of infants and for nitrogen balance in adults

Leucine

It is used for infants

Nitrogen balance

It is used for adults

Lysine (Lys)

It is the ntibody production and lowers triglycerides

Lysine

Absorption & conservation of Ca+ & collagen formation

Elastic

Collagen in blood and skin makes it ___

Triglycerides

Source of energy of foods.

Methionine (Met)

It Initiates translation of mRNA; source of sulfur.

Methionine

It also detoxify lead, prevents brittle hair and production of epinephrine.

Methionine

The start of Codon (AUG)

AUG

Genetic code of Codon

Codon

Three sequence of nucleotides

Amino acid

One codon is connected with ____ or protein

Codon

Forms a unit of genetic code

mRNA

Messenger Ribonucleic Acid 

mRNA

It carries genetic instructions from a cell's DNA to its protein-making machinery (ribosomes).