Electronic Media Production Midterm

Intensity

brightness and distance from light to subject matter

Silks flags

used to diffuse/block

Gels

Colored filters used to alter light

Reflectors

used to bounce light onto subjects

Gain

digital manipulation

Color temperature

measures the relative reddishness or bluishness of white light, measured in degrees Kelvin (K)

Warm light

more red and lower color temperature

cool light

more blue and higher color temperature

indoor light

3200 K

outdoor light

5600K

key light

main light, subjects face in direction/side they are looking

fill light

fills in shadows on side of face opposite side of key light

back light

creates separation depth of background

voice over

video clip that a reporter reads over

b-roll

visual in the piece

VO/SOT sound on tape

typical news story structure read by an anchor

PKG package

self-contained story that is pre-produced, written, and tracked by a reporter and edited before airing in a broadcast

5 motivators for viewers

money, family, safety, health care, community

extreme long shot

the subject of the not is not the main focus

long shot

the picture where the person’s heard is at the top of the frame and feet at the bottom

medium shot

cutting the person off at their waist

medium close off or bust shot

cuts off subject at the bust shot

close up shot

head with a little bit of their shoulders

extreme close up shot

Take a little off the top of the head, but never get chin to fall out of frame

strength of video

character motion, eyewitnesses, emotion

weaknesses of video

lack of visuals, too many viewpoints, audio/video conflict

theme

what the story is about

plot

how the story moves forward

characters

how one person differs from the others and how each reacts

environment

where the action takes place

audio frequency determines what?

pitch

amplitude determines what?

volume

microphones

convert sound energy into electronic signals

what are the three different kinds of microphones

dynamic, condenser, ribbon

omnidirectional mic

hears sound equally well on all sides

unidirectional

hears sound better from one direction

rule of thirds

Principle that allows the framing of the shot to be aesthetic. Create a tic tac toe grid and place the subject at the intersection of the lines

headroom

space between the subjects head and the top of the frame

look room

the space where the subject looks across the shot

eyeline

the line created by subject’s eye

rule of eyeline

must be flat to the height of the subject

vector

controls where the audience looks in frame

180 degree rule

draws a line that the camera cannot pass unless we see the camera moving

CCD

A charge-coupled device is the chip that converts light into electrical impulses and creates impulses

CMOS lens

created an image but with cheaper and different technology than CCD

zoom lens

has a variable focal length

prime lens

has a fixed focal length

depths of field

area in front of the lens that is in sharp focus

apeture

the actual opening inside the camera lens

how is the size of the aperture hole is measured?

with F stops

what does the lower the F stops mean?

The more light is let into the camera

how do you control the size of the aperture?

with the iris

focal lens

the distance from the cneter of the lens to the imaging device

what does the focal lens decribe

the magnifying power of the lens and the angle of view

what does short focal lens mean?

wide angle of view

What does long focal lens mean?

tight angle of view

when you zoon you change what?

the focal lens

peaking

is when you see what is in focus on your camera

what are sunglasses on a camera

ND filters

What is the order of the lens on a camera

sunglasses, iris, zoom, focus

great DOF

everything is in focus

What are the settings for a great DOF?

smaller aperture, shorter focal length, subject is farther to camera

shallow DOF

when the subject is in focus and the background is blurry

What are the settings for a shallow DOF?

Larger aperture, Longer focal length, Camera closer to subject

Coherence

whether it is a hard or soft light source

Hard light

 is focused (parallel rays, creates well defined shadows)

Soft light

is scattered or diffused (creates ill-defined or no shadows)

Barn doors:

to create directional light