Lab 5 - Angiosperms Terms

What are the 4 types of whorls?

• Calyx

• Corolla

• Androecium

• Gynoecium

Calyx type?

sepals

Why are there sepals?

to protect the flower in bud

Corolla type?

Petals

Why are there petals?

generally, to attract pollinators

Androecium type?

Stamen

Why are there stamen?

produce pollen

male reproduction

Gynoecium type?

Pistils

Why are there pistils?

produces egg (ovule) to create seeds post fertilization

female reproduction

What are calyx and corolla?

Sterile or perianth

Tepals

The sepals and petals are not well differentiated from one another and look alikie

Peduncle

stalk of flower

Pedicel

stalk of a flower of a larger inflorescence

What is it called when a flower has a pedicel?

Pedicellate or pedunculate

What is it called when a flower is unstalked?

Sessile

Parts of the Androecial

• Anther

• Filament

Anther

produces pollen

Filament

the stalk

Parts of the Pistil (Gynoecial)

• Stigma

• Style

• Ovary

• Ovules

• Locule

Complete Flowers

Those possessing all 4 organs

Incomplete flower

lacking one or more of the 4 organ types

Perfect flowers

possess both functional stamens and pistils

Imperfect flowers

only one functional type of sexual organ

Types of imperfect flowers

• Staminate

• Pistillate

Staminate flowers

imperfect flowers possessing functional stamens rather than carpels

Pistillate (carpellate) flowers

imperfect flowers possessing functional carpels rather than stamens

What kind of symmetry is in plants

• Polysymmetric

• Monosymmetric

• Dissymmetric

• Asymmetric

Polysymmetric

• sometimes aka regular, radial, actinomorphic

• flowers possess more than 2 planes of symmetry

Monosymmetric

• sometimes aka irregular, bilateral, zygomorphic

• flowers possess just one plane of symmetry

Dissymmetric

• two planes of symmetry

Asymmetric

• no plane of symmetry

• rare

Ovary position types

• Superior

• Inferior

• Hypanthium

Superior

where the ovary sits on top of receptacle, above insertion of all other organs

Inferior

where the ovary is embedded in the receptacle or sits below the insertion of all other organs

Hypanthium

floral cup, where an ovary sits and from the rim of which depart the other floral whorls

Types of Fusion

• Connation

• Adnation

Connate

parts of the same organ classes that are fused

Adnate

parts of different organ classes that are fused

Merosity

the number of organs in each whorl follows an underlying numerical pattern in most species

Trimerous

Monocots and some primitve dicot anigosperms have parts in 3’s

Tetramerous or Pentamerous

Eudicots tend to have flower parts in 4’s and 5’s

Inflorescences

Flowers borne in clusters

Bracts

simple inflorescences consists of a main axis from which single flowers emerge from this axil

Raceme

an inflorescence with an elongate axis on which are borne stalked lateral flowers

Spike

similar to a raceme only that the flowers are not stalked

Umbel

flat-topped or round inflorescences in which stalked flowers all rise from a common attachment point

Head

an inflorescence in which sessile flowers all arise from a common attachment point or a common, expanded receptacle

Corymb

a flat or round-topped inflorescences formed by lateral, stalked flowers with progressively shorter stalks

Catkin

a pendulous inflorescences of unisexual flowers

Helicoid cyme

curved inflorescences comprised of terminal flowers that grow as successive branches from pervious flower’s axis

Rachis

after first flower, the rest of the inflorescence axis when present

Compound umbel

consisting of multiple umbels arranged in a greater umbel

Panicle

consisting of multiple lateral racemes, spikes, or heads

thyrse

consisting of multiple lateral cymes

Bracteole

a bract subtending a flower on secondary or higher order inflorescences axes

Pseudanthium

a structure that looks like a single flower but is actually made up of multiple small flowers and often closely associated bracts that resemble sepals and / or petals through convergent evolution a form of natural selection

Florets

individual flowers from pseudanthium

Pseudanthium head types

• Radiate head

• Disciform head

• Ligulate head

Radiate head

disk flowers in the center surrounded by ray flowers around the periphery

Discord or Disciform heads

has only disk-like flowers

Ligulate heads

only has ray-like flowers