Topic 1.1: Linking Food and Health

What is nutrition?

* study of nutrients in food
* other chemical constituents in food
* the effects of food constituents on health

What is a diet?

* a pattern of foods consumed
* what someone usually eats or drinks

Foods provide:

1. Nutrients
2. Energy (kcal)
3. Other constituents beneficial to health

Name the 3 different macronutrients and explain each one:

1. $Carbohydrates-$

\-simple sugars + complex carbohydrates
2. $Protein$

\-20 amino acids; 9 essential, 11 non-essential
3. $Fat$

\-saturated and unsaturated fats, essential fatty acids, and cholesterol

Name the 3 micronutrients and explain each one:

1. ==Vitamins==

\-13 essential
2. ==Minerals==

\-15 essential
3. ==Water==

What are all the 13 vitamins?

1. Vitamin A
2. Vitamin B: Biotin, Folate, Niacin (B3), Pantothenic acid, Riboflavin (B2), Thiamin (B1), Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12
3. Vitamin C
4. Vitamin D
5. Vitamin E
6. Vitamin K

What are all the 15 minerals?

1. calcium


2. phosphorus
3. potassium
4. sodium
5. chloride
6. magnesium
7. iron
8. zinc
9. iodine
10. sulfur
11. cobalt
12. copper
13. fluoride
14. manganese
15. selenium

1 gram of carbohydrates = how much energy?

4kcal/g

1 gram of protein = how much energy?

also 4kcal/g

1 gram of fat = how much energy?

9kcal/g

1 gram of alcohol = how many energy?

7kcal/g

1 gram of vitamins or minerals = how much energy?

0kcal/g; vitamins and minerals do not provide energy

Table sugar and oil are examples of, respectively:

pure carbohydrates, pure fat

How would you calculate the amount of calories in a food?

Step 1: Multiply the different grams of each substance with their kcal/g energy.

Step 2: Add the values

Explain the difference between essential and non-essential nutrients:

Nutrients the body needs for it either cannot produce or make in sufficient quantity, while non-essential nutrients are manufactured in the body

* essential nutrients are required in diet
* non-essential nutrients are not required in diet

What are phytochemicals?

* non-nutrient
* plant chemicals
* ==lycopene:== gives tomatoes their red colour
* ^^anthocyanin:^^ gives blueberries their blue colour
* @@beta carotene:@@ dark yellow/orange colour in carrots