CHM112 College Chemistry - Exam 1 Review

Vocabulary flashcards generated from CHM112 Exam 1 covering key chemistry concepts, measurement units, atomic terms, and nuclear processes.

Scientific Method Key Activities

The three essential activities of the scientific method: observing, hypothesizing, and testing.

Law of Conservation of Matter and Energy

The scientific principle stating that matter and energy cannot be created or destroyed.

Pure Substances

A class of matter consisting only of elements and compounds.

Molecule

A particle composed of $2$ or more atoms bound together.

Homogeneous Mixture

A mixture in which all the different components are uniformly distributed throughout.

Compound

A pure substance made of atoms of different elements.

Colloid

A mixture classification exemplified by paint, which is a fluid made with pigments, solvents, and binders.

Negative Control

An experimental control known to have no effect on the response, representing the null hypothesis.

Null Hypothesis

A hypothesis stating that the independent variable does not influence the dependent variable.

Density

A physical property calculated as mass divided by volume ($\text{Density} = \frac{\text{Mass}}{\text{Volume}}$).

Displacement Method

A method used to measure the volume of an amorphous solid in units such as $mL$ or $cm^3$.

Ionic Compound

A compound that must contain a metal or the ammonium ion ($NH_4^+$) combined with non-metals.

Isotopes

Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Atomic Number ($Z$)

An essential atomic property equal to the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

Atomic Mass Unit (a.m.u.)

The standard unit used to express the atomic weight of an atom.

Valence Electron Energy Level

The outermost energy level of an atom where electrons can be found.

Covalent Bond

A chemical bond resulting from the sharing of electron(s) between atoms.

Symbol $(g)$

A state symbol in a chemical reaction equation denoting gaseous substances.

Chemical Reaction

A chemical change involving a rearrangement of atoms that transforms molecules into different molecules.

Alpha Emitter

A radioactive substance, such as Radium-233 decaying into Radon-219, that undergoes radioactive decay by emitting an alpha particle.

Ammonium Phosphate

An ionic compound represented by the chemical formula $(NH_4)_3PO_4$.